Apple Pay setup phishing

I just upgraded my iPhone 6 to iOS 10. After the upgrade was complete, I went through the post-upgrade 'walk-through'. As part of this activity, I was prompted to enter the CVV on credit card that I use with the App Store so that I could use it with Apple Pay. (I had not previously set up or used Apple Pay.) I completed this fine and finished the walk-through. This was all done on my iPhone as part of completing the iOS 10 upgrade.

Shortly after completing the upgrade, I received a welcoming e-mail from Apple Pay titled 'Learn how to get started using Apple Pay.' The sender was: Apple Pay <noreply@applepay.apple.***>. All is well and good. The e-mail introduces Apple Pay and how to use it; it was the kind of e-mail that I would expect to receive from Apple.

Not more than 90 minutes later, I received another e-mail telling me that my Apple ID was suspended because my payment information couldn't be validated and that I needed to complete a verification procedure by clicking on an embedded link. I quickly recognized this as a phishing scam and didn't click on the link. The e-mail is titled 'Your Apple ID has been suspended [#194453]' and the sender is listed as: Apple < secure@apple.ssl.***>. The embedded link points to: http://net-e1<dot>com/ .

My question is this: How did a communication from my iPhone to Apple as part of my iOS 10 upgrade get intercepted such that I was sent a phishing e-mail within 90 minutes? I've received random phishing e-mails before, but never one that is as targeted, as specific, and as closely tied to a communication that I've had with a vendor as this phishing e-mail is. How does this happen??? Given that the communication between my iPhone and Apple was intercepted, has my credit card information been compromised???

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