I solved my slow-Time Machine problem in macOS Sierra!
After Time Machine (again) took ages to backup I stopped Time Machine by unchecking "Automatic backups" in System Preferences/Time Machine (unchecking the new little "check-box").
After this abrupt stop I again checked that little check-box "Automatic backups" in System Preferences/Time Machine.
Then activated "manual backup" (starting backup) by activating Time Machine via menubar.
The first Time Machine (TM) was slow again, but after stopping and restarting a few times (stop and restarting by check-uncheck/System Preferences and starting up by "manual backup"/menubar).
TM then copied as it should.
...But then after successful copying "Backup thinning" took forever... ("opschonen" in Dutch).
Stopped "Backup thinning" by unchecking Automatic backups" in System Preferences/Time Machine.
Then activated "manual backup" by activating Time Machine via menubar (after I again checked "Automatic backups" in System Preferences/Time Machine).
Now "Backup thinning" - when necessary - completes the TM-backup successfully.
TM is working fine (and fast) now (automatic hourly backups).
Perhaps this is helpful?
It worked for me.
Best regards,
Jur Kuipers, The Netherlands