Under what "real word physics" & electrical science does this make sense to anyone?
Apple & their devices can "tell" voltage drop across a cable to the sensitivity needed to determine one cable from another, or to factor out connection resistance? That is absolute BS. An iOS device cannot even measure the voltage drop from the Lightning port to the circuitry & battery of the phone itself.
I can use an official iPhone charger to charge my iPad (albeit slowly) and my iPad "block" to charge my iPhone (quickly) and the interchange of these two chargers through "certified" short or longer Apple Lightning cable would impact voltage loss at sensitivies that could not be measured by the device "to know" whether either the charger or the cable is certified Apple.
Unfortunately, direct measurement of the resistance of the cable is complicated. This is because of the low resistance of the assembly itself – below 2 ohms – and resistance contributions of the connectors themselves which may make it less easy to quantify the cable resistance accurately.
http://goughlui.com/2014/10/01/usb-cable-resistance-why-your-phonetablet-might-b e-charging-slow/
I don't know how Apple "causes" charging issues, but my guess is they have secretly included code as part of their "planned obsolence" program to get older devices out of the market.