Editing with TexEdit the .emlx file in the directory /Users/Username/Library/Mail/V4/Mailboxes
seems to be the only way to remove attachments from any email so far.
Just be aware that in doing this you need to know what you are doing
it's not for beginners or you could end up ruining everything: do a backup and experiment it first on one email you don't care, like have someone send you an email with a small attachment.
Open the email, delete just the attachment below your message, save it, close Mail, re-launch Mail, and the attachment has gone.
I discovered that finding the .emlx file it's easier than it seems:
1) Quit Mail and open the folder V4 in /Users/Username/Library/Mail/V4/
2) write in the search field the Subject of the email you are looking for:
magically the email appears with the name of the sender or the senders if you have more than one email
with the same words. Choose the one you were looking for

3) drag the email on TexEdit
4) find the attachment : it will look like garbled text- something like
/9j/4UcWRXhpZgAATU0AKgAAAAgACwEPAAIAAAAGAAAAkgEQAAIAAAAPAAAA
mAESAAMAAAABAAEAmAESAAMAAAABAAEAmAESAAMAAAABAAEA
It will be very long, depending how big is the attachment
5) Select it all but stop before you get to something similar to
--Apple-Mail-CA458EBA-4B87-4995-8B30-3FC1A217
Content-Type: text/plain;
charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
5) delete your selection and restart Mail
Your email is clean of any attachment.