Maybe Apple did something to later large screen iPad Pro models to limit the charge rate.
I noticed quite awhile ago, that Apple stopped promoting the use of the 29W charger/USB-C cable charging of the large iPad Pro.
The 29W charger is not even listed any longer as a 12.9 inch screen iPad Pro accessory any longer.
Maybe this faster charging has been eliminated in the large screen iPad Pro by Apple and Apple never made it this change publicly known. Apple is good for that. Making feature changes/additions/omissions without documenting the fact.
Things like introducing a new 9.7 inch iPad 4 model only t months after the introduction of the iPad 3.
They did this with remote device streaming of purchased iTunes movie/TV content, removed the Delete All function in iOS Mail, did away with Apple iCards app, introduced a less than stellar new TV App that replaces the long standing Videos App without any notice that the new TV App was going to a replacement the "old' Videos app.
So, I wouldn't put a undocumented change to the larger iPad Pro's charging rate/status past Apple to do without anyone else's knowledge.
Now that I think about it, maybe Apple replaced the old Videos App with the new TV App because the old Videos app was only a 32 bit app and Apple replaced it with a new 64 bit TV app.
Anyhoo. maybe later large screen iPad Pro models do NOT fast charge any longer.
The only way to know is if someone who purchased the earlier larger screen iPad Pro in Nov. 2015 and early 2016 and have the fast charging setup and works on those early larger iPad Pro models (before Apple had a proce change for,the larger iPad Pros and offered the 256 Gbs storage models).
That would be my rationale for the fact this doesn't seem to be working with newer larger screen iPad Pro models.
Maybe the larger screen iPad Pros were heating up too much and maybe the units becomimg warped from extra, excessive heat?
It maybe no longer possible to faster charge a 12.9 inch screen iPad Pro.
A theory.