Recently, I often receive the following message when I perform a manual backup of my iPhone 7, iOS 10.2, (from iTunes on my iMac (MacOS Sierra) (iTunes 12.5.4.42).
"The iPhone ... could not be synced because the connection to the iPhone was reset".
In fact, the backup stalls for a number of minutes before the message appears.
The backup appears to fail since the date and time of the "last backup to this computer" are not updated.
However, if I disconnect the iPhone from iTunes and reconnect it to the iMac, iTunes shows that the backup completed (i.e., the correct date and time appear as the last backup to the computer).
Tom - I have performed your recommended steps and tried a backup and the error message did not appear; the backup completed as expected.
I hope this is a permanent fix for this annoying problem. Time will tell.
Thanks!