Hi,
Currently using a late 13' 2016 MacBook Pro Touch Bar here.
I ran into the same problem too and no matter what I do including SMC reset, downloading the latest Boot Camp and updating it the keyboard back light just refused to turn on.
Short of reinstalling a fresh copy of Windows which I am trying my best to avoid because I think it is silly to just reinstall every time a problem comes up, I fired up Windows Explorer and navigate to Program Files > Boot Camp to see what the heck is going on.
To my amazement, I saw that there was a backup copy of the Bootcamp.exe with the extension renamed to TMP and I do not know how it got there in the first place.
From the date, I saw the it was modified back in Nov 23rd last year. Which was probably the very first time I received my MacBook and had Boot Camp installed if memory served me correctly.
So I renamed the current Bootcamp.exe extension to a temp, had the other temp file renamed back to Bootcamp.exe and I restarted Windows.
Voila, the back light of the keyboard just turned on.
Hope it helps!