An externally enclosed hard disk drive (rotational) has a few things against
longer life, because the supporting circuitry within the enclosure can fail.
~ And so when that happens, the drive itself may still be recoverable if that
can be placed inside a different enclosure & set to be readable from there.
Determining the durability and long-life of a hard disk drive within an enclosure
may vary depending on who made the enclosure, where & when it was made;
and the history of specific parts used inside. With some, you could replace a
few less-costly parts (or swap from other enclosure) to re-gain access to data.
https://duckduckgo.com/?q=best+external+hard+drive+durability+1+TB&t=ffsb&ia=web
The various maker and hardware brands offered there may not reflect the actual
parts within several brand name enclosures, so it would be best to learn who
uses what parts in their brands with that region. Some HDDs are best suited for
use in storage, some for low-power use, or 'green' may lack other type purpose
or not sustain re-use in emergency as boot-capable for clone in external device.
External enclosures could utilize solid-state-drives, although old spec connection
cable and port speeds may not be best suited for faster efficiency - at more cost.
Example of another idea, not so portable:

• NewerTech Voyager Plug and Play, Hot Swap, or add a
new 2.5" or 3.5" SATA I/II drive. Data Access Made Simple.
A hot-swapable hard drive peripheral with its own power supply and faster port
data speed, may be an idea; since it could use other capacities/speeds of HDD.
Good luck & happy trails! 🙂