I've never seen that happen, but maybe it was because the drop in data coverage (and in a tunnel or whatnot, it would be a complete loss of both cellular and wifi, so no data connection at all) was only for a very short time, so the message cache on your device still was trying to send when the cellular or wifi data connection came back and it was able to complete the process with a data connection? In the event of neither a data nor a voice connection, the iOS message app is going to be stuck trying to send by either service, and will only finish the task when either a voice or data connection becomes available again.
FYI - most carriers reportedly only keep SMS texts on their servers for a few days, like 2 or 3 only or at most up to 4 to 7. Their servers will keep trying to send it within that time frame, but if unsuccessful, they purge the message and its just gone. Apple's iMessage service supposedly will cache messages for delivery attempts for up to 30 days, but again, once that passes, they get purged from the system completely.
If you have send as SMS on, the iOS messaging app will first check if the person is an iMessage user and if their device is reachable. If they are not reachable, it sends as SMS, and once that has completed, the message is on the cellular service providers network and has nothing to do with Apple or their iMessage service any longer.