Hit send too soon...
The plane is receiving.
However, GPS needs to receive signals from strategically placed satellite to determine where the receiver is located (in your phone). Your phone doesn’t need to transmit anything in order to determine its location from the GPS signal. Therefore, since airplane mode doesn’t block the reception of such signals, GPS accuracy should be fine in airplane mode.
Regarding how cell signals could improve GPS accuracy, I believe that function wouldn’t need to transmit anything either, but I don the known for sure. Could triangulate based on cell strength of signal, which wouldn’t require anything being transmitted. On the other hand, if the phone need to ping the tower, than it would. But when both a clear GPS signal is available and cell tower info, GPS is way better than any cell tower triangulation, so cell tower help is only good when GPS isnt working well.