I understand that you're not seeing a thumbnail when you take a screenshot, and I'm happy to help. Please start by restarting your iPhone and trying again.
Restart your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch
If it's still not working correctly, please back up the iPhone before proceeding.
How to back up your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch
Once you've backed up, please follow these instructions to reinstall iOS 11.
If you can't update or restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch
Thanks for using Apple Support Communities.
Cheers!