I have this problem on my iPhone 6s. All versions of iOS 11. Now running 11.4 still intermittent or poor GPS. In fact if you turn off WiFi. Bluetooth, and the cell signal I get no GPS.
The GPS is either poor with a location of an entire block, with drop outs where no service happens, and the location cursor skips around, or out completely where location is only accurate to about 100km. In some cases if you let the apple map app run, it might start working properly but typically only for that session.
The last time it was working (11.4), the iPhone was connected to my Ford Fusion on sync 3.0 firmware 2.0. Was working for about 5 minutes then the position got very inaccurat, and stayed that way for that entire session.
I've tried everything to recover the gps, nothing worked. Includes resets soft, hard, factory reset.. all the location resets. uninstalled all apps. I even replaced the battery. I’ve not tried a sim pull and replace. The only thing that does work but only for a few days is when apple offers a fireware upgrade.
I travel a lot, and I need the GPS to work. I would even buy a new iPhone, if I thought It would work. (I hear the issue affects even iPhone 8 and X.)
Apple, please put more resoures on this issue. It’s been nearly a year, and still no GPS fix. I’m committed to the Apple eco system, and have been for many years, but I did ditch Android and Windows, and if need I’ll cut my losses. I will sell my MacBook Pro, my other iPhone (also bad GPS), my 3 ipads, and Apple TV. This is major bug! I’d say second only to a security issue. I mean what happens if you dial 911?
My background: highly experienced engineer. If I say it’s broke, and can’t fix it, IT'S BROKE!