Update:
Since doing the “SIM trick” back in May (do so at your own risk; some sites advise against SIM insertion/removal while phone is on), I have been able to use GPS apps on my iPhone X with sufficient accuracy.
However, finding the initial location i.e. “the time to first fix - TTFF” has grown gradually longer over time. Yesterday, it didn’t work at all at the start of my jog, and when I tested it later, it only found a fix after more than a minute of standing stationary.
I decided that I had had enough and tried the SIM trick a second time. It worked again! The TTFF is much shorter now.
Nothing has changed on the phone as far as I can see. Same iOS, same apps, same carrier, same location. My wife’s iPhone 6S has the same iOS, and testing apps, and uses the carrier as my iPhone X and is tested at the same locations, BUT her GPS has functioned perfectly the whole time, with no delays etc! The only difference is that I have some additional apps such as Motion X - I don't see how that should affect the functioning of the phone, and if it is, then Apple is responsible, as Apple checks 3rd party apps downloaded via the App Store.
I have to do this procedure every time the lag on my GPS/A-GPS system occurs, while my wife doesn’t. This suggests there is a software or hardware design flaw that has affected a large segment of iPhone users for whom the SIM trick has worked. The only other solution was factory resetting the phone when I replaced it with an identical iPhone X but the problem soon recurred even when I manually set up the phone from scratch!! In these cases, I strongly suspect there is a software or hardware design flaw related to the cellular network/SIM card that seems to be affecting the A-GPS function
GPS is a pretty basic function to get wrong for a high-end device as expensive as the iPhone X. This issue has dragged on for ages now - look at all the posts in these forums and elsewhere - and yet there has been no public acknowledgement of it. Not even a clear reference to the problem in iOS update notes as far as I am aware - someone please correct me if I am wrong on that.