When we update iOS the device, iPad iPhone, needs to reindex everything. Thus while we are using our device behind the scenes the indexing is occurring, both our normal using the device and reindexing process puts added strain on the battery thus draining it fast.
Numerous reports also say after the reindexing is complete battery drain returns to normal. How long could the reindexing take, sorry I do not know, some say a day or two could be more. As for my devices after a couple of days the battery drain is the same as before updating to iOS 11.03.
YMMV