hold your new iphone up to the camera

Start over with the routine to automatically transfer data from your old phone, which must be brought nearby to the new one, and must be running iOS 11.0 or higher. When this is done, a sparkly blue circle appears on the screen of the new phone and that is what you must aim at with the camera of the old phone. It quickly authenticates and passes control to the new phone. If possible, it may be a good idea to pass on the upgrade to iOS 11.1 option, as it causes a real buzz-kill waiting for the update to download and install.