Portrait mode is creating a 'fake' depth of field effect (a short range of focus). The idea is that it uses depth scan data & some blur filters to alter the image to mimic images from cameras with better depth of field controls (generally cameras with large lenses that gather lots of light). The depth map also has limits to how accurate it is.
Sometimes the process simply fails - some subjects have edges that it cannot deal with. Portrait mode is a work in progress and is not going to work in every situation, it is intended for portraits so the process should work better with faces.
Try taking another picture without using portrait mode, it should not be mashed up by Apple's fake depth of field algorithms, you should see more of the image in focus.
You can also remove the effect, see the last tip…
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Distortion with portrait mode. It is normal?