If Siri can hear you and Voice Memo works, then it may not be a hardware problem.
Get help with the microphones on your iPhone, iPad, and iPod touch - Apple Support
Press and quickly release the Volume Up button. Press and quickly release the Volume Down button. Then, press and hold the Side button until you see the Apple logo.
If that does not help try Settings-General-Reset and reset all settings.
You might also want to talk to your carrier and see if there is a carrier settings update or any network issues affecting your area.