When I try to move a file from Finder to my desktop Finder becomes non-responsive.

One of the more common causes for these is failing hardware, so please ensure you have a complete and current backup or two, of all of your data. Sometimes add-on performance-enhancement or add-on cleaning tools or add-on security tools can cause this, so see if things work better when booted in Safe Mode. If things do work better, see if removing those tools per the vendors' directions resolves this. Also see if Disk Utility (accessed via Recovery) can detect problems or corruptions with the file structure. But definitely have an external and complete backup of all of your current data first and foremost, as that's one of the more common triggers for I/O performance weirdnesses.

If this Mac is reasonably portable and if there's a local Apple Store or Apple Reseller around, that's an option to consider here. After trying Safe Mode and after the Disk Utility diagnostics and particularly after ensuring there are current backups, that is.

Recovery from a Time Machine backup is part of the installation sequence for new software; it's one of the options offered when macOS is first installed or installed after a disk is wiped, and is also offered via the Recovery environment mentioned earlier. The install asks you if you want to migrate in your old environment.

If you've one good and current backup, you're well ahead of some other folks; of the folks that lack current backups or even any backups.

I'd usually want a couple of external backups as external disks are cheaper than the value of my data, and as disks can and do fail and as backup disks can and do occasionally get corrupted. But then I also tend toward data paranoia.

If you're inclined, adding a second disk and using it for a second set of Time Machine backups via alternating backups is part of any recent macOS release.