It may be a failing battery. Use the Contact Support link at the top of this page and choose a callback to speak to a technician. They can test your phone remotely, including the battery. Or make a genius bar appointment to have it checked out. If it needs a battery they can replace it in the store. You can do a preliminary check yourself with the app Battery Life.
Regarding charging, you don't have to wait until its 30% or under. You can charge it whenever convenient. Best practice is probably to charge it overnight, every night. And turn on iCloud Backups; it will back up every night if locked, connected to power and to Wi-Fi.