How to avoid duplicate photos on iPhone

One of the main reasons for having an iPhone SE 128gb was so that I could have my Mac's Photos library to hand without using iCloud. When I have resynced the iPhone through iTunes it now has duplicates of every photo in the Photos app. It has also not brought across new albums I recently created in Photos on my Mac.

Is there a way to sync between the iPhone and Mac where duplicates are avoided? For example the Photos app on the Mac can automatically see which photos on my iPhone are on the Mac and which aren't. Why does the iTunes syncing process not do the same? Is there a third party solution that will allow me to continue to sync so that the iPhone retains a full 'mirror' of my Mac's Photos library?

(I'm running 10.11.6 on my MBP and 10.3.1 on my SE.)