Samsung SSD 840 EVO upgrade not partitioning in MBP Late 2011

Until you have Erased the SSD it cannot be partitioned. You must first erase the SSD per the above instructions. This will install the GUID partition scheme and Apple's HFS+ filesystem replacing the Windows format. Then you can clone your old drive.

The drive's firmware is unrelated to the OS used. The firmware is compatible with Windows, macOS, Linux, etc.

If you have formatted the disk per my instructions then you should have an empty SSD using the GUID partition scheme and formatted to use HFS+. If you wish to create more than one partition/volume on the SSD then see Disk Utility for Mac- Partition a physical disk using Disk Utility.

Why do you plan to need multiple volumes/partitions on the SSD? I hope not to install Windows because this is not the way it must be done.

Do the following:

1. Open Disk Utility.
2. When Disk Utility loads select the drive (the out-dented entry) from the side list.
3. Click on the Erase tab in Disk Utility's main window. A panel will drop down.
4. Set the partition scheme to GUID.
5. Set the Format type to Mac OS Extended (Journaled.)
6. Click on the Apply button, then click on the Done button when it activates.
7. Quit Disk Utility.

You were approaching the probably with the right idea but chose the wrong button. A fresh partition and format of a new drive is started with the Erase button. You can now install macOS assuming you have downloaded an installer. If not, then you will need to do that using App Store. If you plan to clone your old drive then do this:

Clone El Capitan and Sierra using Disk Utility

1. Restart the computer and after the chime press and hold down the Command and R keys until the Utility Menu appears.
2. Select Disk Utility from the Utility Menu then press the Continue button.
3. Select the destination volume from the left side list.
4. Select Restore from the Edit menu of Disk Utility. A panel will drop down.
5. Select the source volume from the drop down menu in the panel.
6. Double-check you got it right, then click on the Restore button.

Destination means an external drive. Source means the internal startup drive.

1. Open Disk Utility.
2. Select Samsung SSD 840 EVO which should also be mounted on your Desktop with a default icon. This is an indented entry below whatever the drive's physical name that is the out-dented entry.
3. Click on the Partition button in the toolbar as seen in the pic you posted.
4. The pie chart rendering is where you can create more partitions as described in the link I sent to you.

You did not re-partition the drive as GUID per my instructions. That is why you are receiving that error.

Drive Partition and Format - El Capitan or Later

1. Open Disk Utility in the Utilities' folder.
2. After Disk Utility loads select the drive (out-dented entry with the mfgr.'s ID and size) from the side list.
3. Click on the Erase tab in the Disk Utility toolbar. A panel should drop down.
4. In the drop down panel set the partition scheme to GUID. Set the Format type to Mac OS Extended (Journaled.)
5. Click on the Apply button and click on the Done button when it is activated.
6. Quit Disk Utility.

You MUST select the drive by Hardware-name, and choose ERASE. The Hardware-name is NOT changeable, it is built into that drive by the manufacturer.

What you are showing is a name that some other person entered as a partition-name. You are selecting the Partition, not the drive.

If you only want one partition, then you should already have it if you clicked on the Erase button in the pic. Usually, it names the volume "Untitled" unless you change it.

I've no idea why you are having a problem. I have two of them in Vancouver that I never had a problem with. The last set of instructions I just used on a new Samsung 850. Worked just fine.