I have thousands of fonts, many of them Type 1 PostScript from the 1990's. They all work as expected.
Font Book is, to put it bluntly, a lousy font manager. What it sounds like you're describing is a very common issue with a damaged Font Book database. It says the fonts are installed and active, but they don't appear in some apps, or not the entire set.
Close all apps and restart the Mac. Immediately hold down the Shift key. Keep holding it until you get a login screen. Enter the password of your user account. This is Safe Mode. Among other things starting into Safe Mode does is reset Font Book's database and removes all cache files of the user account you log into.
The graphics will likely display with a lot of horizontal lines as it boots to the desktop. This is normal in Safe Mode since the Mac is using a very generic graphics driver instead of the one meant for the hardware of your Mac.
When you get to the desktop, restart again normally. Try the fonts again.
If they don't work, the copies were either somehow damaged, or you still only have the screen font installed. Type 1 PostScript fonts are a set. One file is a suitcase containing all of the low res bitmap screen fonts. The rest are the outline printer fonts. As an example, here's Adobe Garamond.
Adobe Garamond
AGarBol
AGarBolIta
AGarIta
AGarReg
AGarSem
AGarSemIta
The first file which I highlighted in green is the font suitcase of bitmap screen fonts. The rest are the outline printer fonts. The truncated names tell you the set consists of Bold, Bold Italic, Italic, Regular, Semibold and Semibold Italic. Each of these printer outlines will have at least one matching screen font in the suitcase.
1) The files for a Type 1 PostScript font must have both the screen and printer fonts for a given set in order to work. They also must be in the same folder.
2) The suitcase of bitmap fonts will work alone, but output will be terrible since the system will print the fonts using the 72 dpi screen fonts in the suitcase if the outline portions are missing.
3) Having only the outline fonts will not work. You can see the fonts, but they will not load. That's not a problem with Font Book, Suitcase or other font manager. None of them, nor the system itself will load outline fonts from a Type 1 PostScript font without the matching suitcase of screen fonts present.