See the following from If your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch is lost or stolen - Apple Support
Find My iPhone is the only way that you can track or locate a lost or missing device. If Find My iPhone isn't enabled on your device before it goes missing, there is no other Apple service that can find, track, or otherwise flag your device for you.
And the device needs to be powered on and connected to wi-fi (if it doesn't have cellular) in order for that to work.