As I said above, you can't change images in Podcasts Connect, only in the feed: you would enter the new image URLs in the feed and republish it. It's important that the new images hae a different filename, or the Store (which caches the feed) won't know they have changed: and obviously they must be compliant with the requirements - minimum 1400 x 1400 px, maximum 3000 x 3000 px, JPG or PNG, RGB, and file size lass than 500kB.
Note however that the episode images which appear in small form in at the top of iTunes (on a computer) when playing (and in large form when that is clicked) have to be actually embedded in the media file - please see this page. The images in the 'itunes:image' tags in the feed don't appear when subscribing in iTunes, and only in the Search results in the iTunes Store, though they may appear in the Podcasts app (I'm not familar with that).