I’ve been asked to input my password on my device

This typically happens after you’ve recently updated your Apple ID password. If it continues to behave this way, try signing out of iCloud via Settings > Your Name > Sign Out (at the bottom) then sign in again with your password.

This will ensure the device is connected to the Apple ID server using the proper credentials.

You should reset the network settings then try again. Just be aware that doing so will cause the phone to forget Wi-Fi passwords.