The iPhone X was developed with current LTE technology in mind. Because there are currently no 5G networks on the market, iPhone X compatibility will depend on whether or not the "5G" technology uses the same bands as existing LTE (which is unlikely).
It is likely we are still at least a year or two from 5G (or the equivalent) from being introduced to the general public, at which time I'm almost certain Apple will be adding support to future iPhone designs.
Here are the currently supported cellular and wireless networks/bands from the iPhone X - Technical Specifications article: