If you were syncing Notes using iCloud, they wouldn't be part of an iCloud backup. If syncing, have you checked the Notes app and at iCloud.com/Notes for a Recently Deleted folder?
If you weren't syncing Notes using iCloud, if you can't find them in a Recently Deleted folder, you need to restore from a backup made before they were deleted, not one made afterwards.
Backup - Restore your device from an iCloud or iTunes backup