See this support document for help. If an app unexpectedly quits, stops responding, or won’t open - Apple Support
If powering the device off and back on again does not help, since you cannot delete the Messages app, you would need to try restoring from a backup to see if that fixes things. Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch from a backup - Apple Support
If that does not help, then restore to factory and set the device up as new without using your backup. Restore your iPhone, iPad, or iPod to factory settings - Apple Support