OK, once again, thanks very much. I've booted into safe mode and run EtreCheck. The report is below.
Problem description:
The problem was that iCloud kept asking for password update, but when I did this it did not register it. It also failed to recognize my correct Apple ID password. After setting up another account to see whether the problem persisted I then went back my usual account, and after one false start the system appears to have finally recognized the password.
Here is an EtreCheck report none the less.
EtreCheck version: 2.1.5 (108)
Report generated 3 April 2018 at 19:28:53 GMT+1
Click the [Support] links for help with non-Apple products.
Click the [Details] links for more information about that line.
Click the [Adware] links for help removing adware.
Hardware Information: ℹ
MacBook Pro (15-inch, Late 2008) (Verified)
MacBook Pro - model: MacBookPro5,1
1 2.8 GHz Intel Core 2 Duo CPU: 2-core
8 GB RAM Upgradeable
BANK 0/DIMM0
4 GB DDR3 1067 MHz ok
BANK 0/DIMM1
4 GB DDR3 1067 MHz ok
Bluetooth: Old - Handoff/Airdrop2 not supported
Wireless: en1: 802.11 a/b/g/n
Video Information: ℹ
NVIDIA GeForce 9400M - VRAM: 256 MB
NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GT - VRAM: 512 MB
System Software: ℹ
OS X 10.11.6 (15G19009) - Uptime: 0:6:12
Disk Information: ℹ
WDC WD7500BPKX-00HPJT0 disk1 : (750.16 GB)
EFI (disk1s1) <not mounted> : 210 MB
Files_HD (disk1s2) /Volumes/Files_HD : 749.81 GB (370.15 GB free)
Crucial_CT275MX300SSD1 disk0 : (275.06 GB)
EFI (disk0s1) <not mounted> : 210 MB
Macintosh SSD (disk0s2) / : 274.20 GB (148.78 GB free)
Recovery HD (disk0s3) <not mounted> [Recovery]: 650 MB
USB Information: ℹ
Apple Inc. Built-in iSight
Apple, Inc. Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad
Apple Computer, Inc. IR Receiver
Apple Inc. BRCM2046 Hub
Apple Inc. Bluetooth USB Host Controller
Gatekeeper: ℹ
Mac App Store and identified developers
Kernel Extensions: ℹ
/Library/Application Support/VirtualBox
[not loaded] org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxDrv (5.1.22) [Support]
[not loaded] org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxNetAdp (5.1.22) [Support]
[not loaded] org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxNetFlt (5.1.22) [Support]
[not loaded] org.virtualbox.kext.VBoxUSB (5.1.22) [Support]
/Library/Extensions
[not loaded] at.obdev.nke.LittleSnitch (4724 - SDK 10.11) [Support]
/System/Library/Extensions
[not loaded] com.Cycling74.driver.Soundflower (1.5.1) [Support]
[not loaded] com.FTDI.driver.FTDIUSBSerialDriver (2.2.16) [Support]
[not loaded] com.ZTE.driver.ZTEUSBCDCACMData (1.3.13) [Support]
[not loaded] com.ZTE.driver.ZTEUSBMassStorageFilter (1.3.13) [Support]
[not loaded] com.eltima.ElmediaPlayer.kext (1.0) [Support]
[not loaded] com.eltima.SyncMate.kext (0.2.4b13) [Support]
[not loaded] com.joshuawise.kexts.HoRNDIS (1.0.0d1 - SDK 10.6) [Support]
[not loaded] com.motorola-mobility.driver.MotMobileUSB (1.2.2 - SDK 10.5) [Support]
[not loaded] com.novatelwireless.kext.wwan (3.0.23) [Support]
[not loaded] com.sierrawireless.driver.SierraDIPSupport (1.0.0) [Support]
[not loaded] com.sierrawireless.driver.SierraFSRSupport (3.0.0) [Support]
[not loaded] com.sierrawireless.driver.SierraHSRSupport (3.0.0) [Support]
[not loaded] com.sierrawireless.driver.SierraIPDirect (1.1.4) [Support]
/System/Library/Extensions/MotMobileUSB.kext/Contents/PlugIns
[not loaded] com.motorola-mobility.driver.MotMobileMS (1.0.0 - SDK 10.5) [Support]
[not loaded] com.motorola-mobility.driver.MotMobileMTP (1.2.2 - SDK 10.5) [Support]
[not loaded] com.motorola-mobility.driver.MotMobileUSBLAN (1.2.2 - SDK 10.5) [Support]
[not loaded] com.motorola-mobility.driver.MotMobileUSBLANMerge (1.2.2 - SDK 10.5) [Support]
[not loaded] com.motorola-mobility.driver.MotMobileUSBSwch (1.2.2 - SDK 10.5) [Support]
/System/Library/Extensions/NovatelWirelessWWAN.kext/Contents/PlugIns
[not loaded] com.NovatelWireless.driver.NovatelWirelessUSBCDCECMControl (3.0.23) [Support]
[not loaded] com.NovatelWireless.driver.NovatelWirelessUSBCDCECMData (3.0.23) [Support]
[not loaded] com.novatelwireless.driver.3G (3.0.23) [Support]
[not loaded] com.novatelwireless.driver.3GData (3.0.23) [Support]
[not loaded] com.novatelwireless.driver.DisableAutoInstall (3.0.23) [Support]
[not loaded] com.novatelwireless.driver.NWVBE (3.0.23) [Support]
Problem System Launch Daemons: ℹ
[failed] com.apple.logd.plist [Details]
[failed] com.apple.ucupdate.plist
[failed] com.apple.watchdogd.plist [Details]
[loaded] org.postfix.newaliases.plist [Support]
Launch Agents: ℹ
[not loaded] at.obdev.LittleSnitchUIAgent.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.google.keystone.agent.plist [Support]
[invalid?] com.motorola.MDMUpdater.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.motorola.motohelper.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.motorola.motohelperUpdater.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.oracle.java.Java-Updater.plist [Support]
[invalid?] SwapperUFi.plist [Support]
Launch Daemons: ℹ
[not loaded] at.obdev.littlesnitchd.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.adobe.fpsaud.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.google.keystone.daemon.plist [Support]
[invalid?] com.motorola-mobility.mmcfgd.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.oracle.java.Helper-Tool.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.rogueamoeba.instanton-agent.plist [Support]
[not loaded] org.virtualbox.startup.plist [Support]
[invalid?] PPPMonitord.plist [Support]
User Launch Agents: ℹ
[not loaded] com.adobe.ARM.[...].plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.dropbox.DropboxMacUpdate.agent.plist [Support]
[invalid?] com.skype.skype.shareagent.plist [Support]
[not loaded] com.spotify.webhelper.plist [Support]
[not loaded] org.virtualbox.vboxwebsrv.plist [Support]
User Login Items: ℹ
Stickies Application (/Applications/Stickies.app)
Dropbox Application (/Applications/Dropbox.app)
Speedtest Application (/Applications/Speedtest.app)
Internet Plug-ins: ℹ
DirectorShockwave: Version: 12.0.9r149 - SDK 10.6 [Support]
o1dbrowserplugin: Version: 5.41.3.0 - SDK 10.8 [Support]
Default Browser: Version: 601 - SDK 10.11
Flip4Mac WMV Plugin: Version: 3.2.0.16 - SDK 10.8 [Support]
Silverlight: Version: 5.1.50901.0 - SDK 10.6 [Support]
FlashPlayer-10.6: Version: 29.0.0.113 - SDK 10.12 [Support]
AmazonMP3DownloaderPlugin101749: Version: AmazonMP3DownloaderPlugin 1.0.17 - SDK 10.4 [Support]
QuickTime Plugin: Version: 7.7.3
Flash Player: Version: 29.0.0.113 - SDK 10.12 [Support]
googletalkbrowserplugin: Version: 5.41.3.0 - SDK 10.8 [Support]
npgtpo3dautoplugin: Version: 0.1.44.29 - SDK 10.5 [Support]
JavaAppletPlugin: Version: Java 8 Update 161 build 12 Check version
User internet Plug-ins: ℹ
EMusic: Version: EMusic 1.0.0 [Support]
RealPlayer Plugin: Version: Unknown
3rd Party Preference Panes: ℹ
CepstralVoices [Support]
Flash Player [Support]
Flip4Mac WMV [Support]
Java [Support]
MagicPrefs [Support]
Time Machine: ℹ
Skip System Files: NO
Mobile backups: ON
Auto backup: YES
Volumes being backed up:
Macintosh SSD: Disk size: 274.20 GB Disk used: 125.42 GB
Destinations:
pqbTimeMachine [Local]
Total size: 3.00 TB
Total number of backups: 68
Oldest backup: 2015-10-05 16:05:26 +0000
Last backup: 2017-10-27 06:26:32 +0000
Size of backup disk: Excellent
Backup size 3.00 TB > (Disk size 274.20 GB X 3)
Top Processes by CPU: ℹ
3% WindowServer
1% usernoted
0% ps
0% SystemUIServer
0% CalNCService
Top Processes by Memory: ℹ
129 MB Finder
103 MB CalendarAgent
94 MB Dock
94 MB WindowServer
86 MB Spotlight
Virtual Memory Information: ℹ
3.06 GB Free RAM
3.91 GB Active RAM
641 MB Inactive RAM
978 MB Wired RAM
925 MB Page-ins
0 B Page-outs
Diagnostics Information: ℹ
Apr 3, 2018, 07:23:17 PM Self test - passed