First aid failed on MacIntosh HD 2009 MacBook Pro
What to do now? Replace HD or can I erase and reinitialize somehow?
iMac (20-inch Early 2009), Mac OS X (10.6.8)
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macOS Recovery (Internet Recovery) allows you start up from a very small existing partition that will help erase, install new system, and bring the personal stuff back from TM.
About macOS Recovery - Apple Support
How to reinstall macOS - Apple Support
Mac startup key combinations - Apple Support
A 2009 MacBook Pro should be able to run OS X El Capitan (10.11). Not clear what you have now.