I see. I am not aware of any way to make a "global" style like the built-in ones.
While it doesn't 100% meet your request, instead of recreating a style each time, you can copy a style from another document and paste it into your newly imported document. One method would be to create a document that has all your custom cell styles in it, with a column of examples of each one (i.e., cells that are formatted with each style). Select a cell, use "copy style" to copy the style, go to your newly imported document, select the cells where you want the style, use "paste style" to paste it in. Your custom style will now be part of the new document. One of the edits I made to my Numbers toolbar was to include the Copy Style and Paste Style icons but you could use the menu items (under the Format menu) or the keyboard shortcuts (which you can find in the Format menu).
The downside to using copy/paste style is that it copy/pastes everything style related, including font and text size and justification and all. These may not match what is in your imported document.