Accidentally restored old iPhone data & recent content not backed up.

I connected my iPhone 8 to my Mac to download all my photos on a hard drive and delete them off my phone since I ran out of iCloud storage, and I accidentally restored my old iPhone 6 data from back in March 2018. I used to have automatic backups, but on my phone I can see that my latest iCloud backup was back in July. I had then turned backups off. I also had turned off a setting to have my photos saved on iCloud, or something like that.

Now, I can still see current Notes, shared iCloud photos, and emails on my iPhone 8. However, the apps, photos, messages, and settings (like wallpaper and text size) are the same as my old iPhone 6 and not the same as what I had on my iPhone 8 before I restored it.

When I went to Settings>iCloud>Backup, it was turned off and it said that my iPhone will back up to my computer automatically when I sync with iTunes. However, on iTunes on my Mac it says that my iPhone has never been backed up on this computer and that my most recent backup was in March. Does this mean I can still recover my current (before I restored old data) content, or no?

If not, I should at least be able to restore my most recent July backup, right? How do I go about this?