How do I set up iCloud email on an Android phone?

The following instructions may help: Mail server settings for iCloud email clients - Apple Support

Note that you will need to have two-factor authentication turned on for your Apple ID and that you will need to use an app-specific password in your Android mail app instead of your normal Apple ID password.

Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - Apple Support

Using app-specific passwords - Apple Support

Apple ID - Two Step Verification App Specific Passwords

Apple ID - Two Step Verifications FAQ

Do you have an Apple iPad or other iOS device or a Mac? If not you will need to use two-step verification instead of two-factor authenticaton. See: Two-step verification for Apple ID - Apple Support