Again, you do not need another piece of equipment. You can get the verification code on the device you have in your hand if it is signed into your iCloud account:
Get a code from Settings on your trusted device
If you can’t receive a verification code on your trusted devices
automatically, you can get one from Settings, even if your device is
offline.
From your iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch:
In iOS 10.3 or later:
- Go to Settings > [your name].
- Tap Password & Security > Get Verification Code.
In iOS 10.3 or later, if your device is offline:
- Go to Settings > [your name].
- Tap Password & Security.
- A message says "Account Details Unavailable." Tap Get Verification Code.
In iOS 10.2 or earlier:
- Go to Settings > iCloud.
- Tap your Apple ID username.
- If your device is offline, tap Get Verification Code. If your device
- is online, tap Password & Security > Get Verification Code.
From your Mac:
- Go to Apple Menu > System Preferences > iCloud.
- Click Account Details.
- If your device is offline, click Get Verification Code. If your device is online, click Security > Get Verification Code.

From this support article: Get a verification code and sign in with two-factor authentication - Apple Support
Also, Idris' response said including landlines. You can also use an Android phone number. And the only time it asks for a Verification code is when you are signing into your iCloud or Apple ID account, so it's not like you need it everywhere, all the time. Why would you be signing into and out of your iCloud account on your iOS device?
Take some time to familiarize yourself with how 2FA actually works: Two-factor authentication for Apple ID - Apple Support
You might find that the issue is a lack of understanding on your part.
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