OK, here's the problem and fix.
Something gets messed up with Kerberos during some Apple patches. This is clearly established by the vast user experiences posted around the web related both the the latest (Feb 2007 10.4.8) updates and earlier updates. When Kerberos is messed up, various communications are broken. There are specific reports regarding ssh and afp.
The fix is to go back to an earlier version of the affected software that works correctly. In this case, I went back to the 10.4.8 Combo Updater <http://www.apple.com/support/downloads/macosx1048comboupdateintel.html> and used Pacifist <http://www.charlessoft.com/> to install just the Kerberos.framework (/System/Library/Frameworks/). Doing this fixed segmentation faulting both in ssh and afp.
Elsewhere, I have seen the suggestion to also reinstall /System/Library/CoreServices/{Kerberos.app,KerberosAgent.app}. However, it seems more likely that the framework is at fault and those apps are calling the framework.
So, to be clear: ssh worked fine on my MacBook Pro until the last security update. After which, it terminated with segmentation fault. I reinstalled Kerberos.framework from the 10.4.8 Combo Updater, which fixed ssh. (As well as a lingering afp issue from earlier updates.) Note also that non-Apple builds of ssh (MacPorts or Fink), which do not use Kerberos.framework, work fine.
-Eric
MacBook Pro Mac OS X (10.4.8)