Only USB C adapters work on iPhone 13

I have a whole range of cables, adapters and so on that I used with my iPhone 11 (and sometimes even older model) that worked fine with my iPhone 13 until something like a few months ago.

Now when I plug in an USB A to lighting cable that works with various other Apple devices into my iPhone 13 they just don’t work. Also my official USB Camera Adapter, my official USB headphone adapter, they show up in the settings when I plug them in, but they fail to work.

The only way to charge my iPhone 13 now is using the USB C charger and cable from my iPad Pro, and I cannot use any other adapter I have anymore.

I checked the port but couldn’t find any dirt or anything either. I also just upgraded to the latest firmware available.

What is going on?