A community member here recently reported it may be due to recent changes in Japan using a new card security measure known as <3D Secure.> This adds an extra layer of security to online transactions. Many US banks have not fully adopted the new standard. Some cards may be enabled and some may not be. A call to the bank may resolve the issue.
MastCard seems the card most likely to work, followed by American Express. It seems some users have better luck during business hours in Japan. So if in the states, that may mean the middle of the night for you.
You’re the first in a longtime that has reported issues while in Japan and at a station.