To be fair, the USB 2.0 spec (
http://www.usb.org/developers/docs/usb20071607.zip) states that the ports are supposed to provide a nominal 4.75-5.25V at up to 500mA current, with an initial draw of only 100mA by any USB device. So, Apple is adhering to the spec. The fact that some (cheaper) notebooks provide more power on a USB2.0 port is not the fault of Apple, but rather a deviation of that manufacturer to exceed the USB2.0 spec.
No USB device is supposed to draw more than 500mA MAX (under any condition, including a current surge on power-up). So, in effect, the manufacturers of these external "bus-powered" drives are creating false hopes by marketing something that does not, in fact, work within the USB2.0 spec (and then labeling the package as "USB2.0 compliant") -- thus the reason for most of them providing the dual-ended USB cables that take two ports to power the drive (up to 1000mA). The fact that most of these 2.5" drives themselves use up to 650mA (per the manufacturer's websites) means that they logically should not work in a USB2.0 environment! And, then the external drive manufacturers blame the notebook makers for having "under-powered ports".
Now, if there is a flaw in the Apple implementation of USB on the MacBook Pro, that's one thing; but, I'd lay a lot of the blame on the external drive makers. I'd love to get some actual measurements from people's systems using a voltmeter/ammeter, to see if Apple is fitting within the spec (as stated under System Profiler).
The issue of my iPod not always mounting lies squarely in Apple's camp -- either the USB2.0 connection on the iPod is faulty (by requiring too much current/voltage) or the USB2.0 connection on the MBP's left-hand side is faulty (by not supplying the stated current/voltage).