There are external USB floppy drives on the market. However, these cannot be used for the special Mac 800K disk format (which requires a variable speed).
For 800K, the only solution is to use an older Macintosh computer with a
b built-in
floppy drive as an intermediary. If the older Mac has a floppy drive for both 800K and 1.4 MB, you could copy the files to 1.4 MB (HD diskettes) for subsequent use in a USB floppy drive. Or, transfer the files via the Internet (email) or a local network (please note that there are some filesharing restrictions between 10.4.2 and certain older operating systems).
The same rules as for 800K apply for 400K, but with a few limitations regarding the old operating system version.
So, look for a Mac manufactured approx. 1989 to 1995, running System 7.x.x, possibly with a modem and/or Ethernet.
One more thing. It is always a good idea to make sure that the diskettes are in a write-protected position before trying to read them in any unknown system.
Jan