Depending on who you talk to and what you read, there seem to be any number of fixes that are working for people. I can't figure out any common element between these - though someone more technical might see one right away.
There are various links now on the Apple support pages (including:
http://docs.info.apple.com/article.html?artnum=305716). While disabling the wireless, using different usb ports, unplugging other devices, reinstalling iTunes (or SplashID) seem to help some, none of those things seemed to work for me for very long. While each of those things seemed to have solved my problem, it kept coming back. Just unplugging the iPhone and plugging it back it many times also seemed to work though it was incredibly frustrating.
The one thing that works for me consistently is to stop and restart the iPod Service in Windows (plug in the iPhone, right click "My Computer", choose "Manage", click on the + sign next to "Services and Applications", double-click iPod Service, Choose "Stop", wait, Choose "Start", close all that (or not - doesn't matter), and finally start iTunes. It sounds like a lot of steps, but takes less than one minute after a week of doing it.) By the way, I found this idea and these instructions on an Apple forum, I didn't make it up.
But I fear that might only help me. If disabling wireless fixes things for you, I'd certainly keep doing just that instead of bothering with this.
I'm tossing this out there just in case it helps.
Good luck everyone!