Same problem here on an April 2008 MBP.
At first my Airport Card suddenly disappeared completely (over a month ago). Recently it came back on once (without even rebooting; just putting it to sleep and taking it to work, after wake up it was back; unfortunately, at home it was gone again).
Currently (this seems to be a consequence of updating to 10.5.6), the Airport Card is reported installed, but turning it on does not work; it stays off.
I already did an SMC reset and PRAM reset without success. Apple Hardware Test reports OK, and when booted from the DVD the Airport Card seems to be active and working. I am very reluctant to try OS re-installs (and from what I read it is not even guaranteed to solve the problem).
I will still try to do a safe reboot, and to reseat the RAM modules (if I can find out how to access them).
I am waiting for the magic potion, though ...