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Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

There is one relatively serious con of the new LED backlit displays in the new MacBook Pros that seems to not get too much mention in the media. About a month ago I bought a new MacBook Pro to replace my standard white MacBook. One feature of the MacBook Pro that I was unaware of was the introduction of the LED backlit display to replace the CCFL backlight.

Once I started using my new laptop for long periods of time, I noticed severe eye strain and minor symptoms almost similar to motion sickness. After 20 or 30 minutes of use, I felt like I had been looking at the screen all day. Much longer and I would get headaches. If I used the old white MacBook (with its CCFL display), I had no eye troubles at all. Moreover, I could detect a distinct flicker on the MacBook Pro display when I moved my eyes across it - especially over high contract areas of the screen. White text on a black background was virtually impossible for me to read without feeling sick to my stomach because of all the flickering from moving my eyes over the text.

The strangest thing about all of this was that nobody else I showed the screen to could see these flickers I was seeing. I began to question my sanity until I did a little research. Discovering that the MacBook Pro introduced a new LED backlit display started to shed some light (so to speak) on what might be going on. I had long known that I could see LED flicker in things like car taillights and christmas lights that most of my friends could not see. I also knew that I could easily see the "rainbow effect" in DLP televisions that many other people don't see.

My research into LED technology turned up the fact that it is a bit of a technological challenge to dim an LED. Varying the voltage generally doesn't work as they are essentially designed to be either on or off with a fixed brightness. To work around this limitation, designers use a technique called pulse width modulation to mimic the appearance of lower intensity light coming out of the LED. I don't claim to fully understand the concept, but it essentially seems to involve very briefly turning off the LED several times over a given time span. The dimmer the LED needs to appear, the more time it spends in the off state.

Because this all happens so very quickly, the human brain does not interpret the flickers as flickers, rather as simply dimmer light. For most people that is. Some people (myself included) are much more sensitive to these flickers. From what I can tell, the concept is called the "flicker fusion threshold" and is the frequency at which sometime that is actually flickering is interpreted by the human brain as being continuously lit. While the vast majority of people have a threshold that doesn't allow them to see the flicker in dimmed LEDs, some people have a higher threshold that causes them to see the flickering in things like LED car tail lights and, unfortunately, LED backlit displays - leading to this terrible eye strain.

The solution? I now keep my screen turned up to full brightness to eliminate the need for the flicker-inducing pulse width modulation. The screen is very bright, but there are no more flickers and I love my MacBook Pro too much to exchange it for a plain MacBook with CCFL backlighting (which will also supposedly be switching to LED backlighting in 2009 anyway.) The staff at my local Apple store was of course more than helpful and was willing to let me exchange my glossy screen for matte even though I was beyond the 14 day return period. I knew that wasn't the problem though as my old MacBook was a glossy display. I've decided to stick with my full brightness solution. Sitting in a brightly-lit room tends to help alleviate how blinding the full brightness of the screen can be. In a dimly-lit room I guess I just wear sunglasses. Either way, the extreme brightness is worlds better than the sickening flicker I saw with a lower brightness setting

I would caution anybody considering buying a product with an LED backlit display to pay careful attention to make sure you don't have this same sensitivity. Turn the screen brightness down, find a high contract area of the screen, and quickly move your eyes back and forth over the screen. If you can detect the flicker, you may end up with this same problem.

I have no idea what percentage of the population has this sensitivity. I imagine we will hear more about it as more and more displays start using this technology. Hopefully the Apple engineers will come up with a way to eliminate this flicker some of us can see.

Russ Martin

15-inch MacBook Pro, Mac OS X (10.5.4)

Posted on Aug 23, 2008 8:25 AM

Reply
2,489 replies

Apr 4, 2014 4:05 AM in response to tfouto

A monitor should be like a book. Reading a book for the whole day does not cause eye irritation, at least for most people.


I can use my PWM free monitors 24h without any irritation. It's like reading a book or watching television.


So I do not agree that if f-lux enables you to use the monitor for some hours, but your eyes still get irritated, that the problem would not be PWM.


Try a monitor that is confirmed problem free without f.lux and you'll see.


HP ZR2740w for example, or maybe some of the Eizo's.

Apr 4, 2014 4:25 AM in response to Dovez

What I have tried to point out several times in this thread, but people always take it the wrong way and respond with hostility:


Flicker, be it dithering or PWM is a clear problem for many people. It can be fixed by just removing the flicker. Many manufacturers are already aware of this and they are producing displays that do not flicker. But some manufacturers still use PWM of 240-8000 Hz, which causes problems.


But if this flicker problems is confused to some other problem and if this problems is confused to something like "these people get eplileptic seizures from strobo lights, cannot tolerate car tail lights, are generally light sensitive or cannot tolerate blue light" -kind of thing, then no manufacturer will take this problems seriously. Some people do get migraines from a flashing camp fire or similar.


But this problem is entirely something else, which can be fixed by just removing the flicker.


I know it is troublesome to get headaches from camp fires or to not tolerate LED car tail lights. I do not belittle that problem. What I'm saying that my guess (unfortunately no facts) is that most people that get eye strain from displays would not get if the displays would not flicker. These same people most often do not suffer the camp fire migraines and can tolerate car tail lights.


I have contatect Microsoft to try to get my point across that they would ensure that the coming Surface Pro 3 would not have a flickering display, but because this problem is too often thought "yeah, these peole who get migraines from camp fires... we are not going to change the profitable display technology for a couple of people that have unusual prolbems"


You see my point? I'm not trying to be impolite. I do think that the flicker problem is wide spread, but most people dismiss it as using computers too much, or poor eyesight or sleeping poorly or similar, they do not even realize that the dry irritated eyes they keep eye dropping, could be remedied by manufacturers just removing flicker. And most of these people do not get migraines, they just get irritated eyes from the flicker.

Apr 4, 2014 4:58 AM in response to tfouto

Agreed, not like a book as such. That was not my point. My poin was that one should be able to read/use a monitor as comfortably as a book, which in my case is true with the monitors that do not flicker.


So saying that after long use a monitor causes moderate eye strain is not how it should be, if you do not get eye strain reading a book.


Of course, if your eyes get irritated reading a book, then there probably is no monitor that you could use without irritation.


These flicker free displays have been a miracle for me. I suffered red irritated eyes for 20+ years and always thought that I just use computers too much. But with the LED technology combined with PWM the problem became so severe that I needed to investegate it, as I could not go to a customer meeting and use my laptop screen periodically without getting red eyes.


Some 5 years ago there was almost no information on the topic. Now there is a lot, but still people who complain on the forums, that they get eye straing from e.g. Surface RT, are ridiculed, because people are just not aware of the problem.


That's why if we combine the camp fire migraine and light sensitive people with the flicker problem, it's even more unlikely to get this problem fixed.


I know that fixing the flicker leaves the camp fire migraine folks uncatered for, but unfortunately I think that it is another type of problem that might not ever be fixed with display technology.


But we cannot mix these problem types into one basket, since removing the flicker is a clear solution for many people. People that are just not aware that they suffer from the flicker.

Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

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