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Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

There is one relatively serious con of the new LED backlit displays in the new MacBook Pros that seems to not get too much mention in the media. About a month ago I bought a new MacBook Pro to replace my standard white MacBook. One feature of the MacBook Pro that I was unaware of was the introduction of the LED backlit display to replace the CCFL backlight.

Once I started using my new laptop for long periods of time, I noticed severe eye strain and minor symptoms almost similar to motion sickness. After 20 or 30 minutes of use, I felt like I had been looking at the screen all day. Much longer and I would get headaches. If I used the old white MacBook (with its CCFL display), I had no eye troubles at all. Moreover, I could detect a distinct flicker on the MacBook Pro display when I moved my eyes across it - especially over high contract areas of the screen. White text on a black background was virtually impossible for me to read without feeling sick to my stomach because of all the flickering from moving my eyes over the text.

The strangest thing about all of this was that nobody else I showed the screen to could see these flickers I was seeing. I began to question my sanity until I did a little research. Discovering that the MacBook Pro introduced a new LED backlit display started to shed some light (so to speak) on what might be going on. I had long known that I could see LED flicker in things like car taillights and christmas lights that most of my friends could not see. I also knew that I could easily see the "rainbow effect" in DLP televisions that many other people don't see.

My research into LED technology turned up the fact that it is a bit of a technological challenge to dim an LED. Varying the voltage generally doesn't work as they are essentially designed to be either on or off with a fixed brightness. To work around this limitation, designers use a technique called pulse width modulation to mimic the appearance of lower intensity light coming out of the LED. I don't claim to fully understand the concept, but it essentially seems to involve very briefly turning off the LED several times over a given time span. The dimmer the LED needs to appear, the more time it spends in the off state.

Because this all happens so very quickly, the human brain does not interpret the flickers as flickers, rather as simply dimmer light. For most people that is. Some people (myself included) are much more sensitive to these flickers. From what I can tell, the concept is called the "flicker fusion threshold" and is the frequency at which sometime that is actually flickering is interpreted by the human brain as being continuously lit. While the vast majority of people have a threshold that doesn't allow them to see the flicker in dimmed LEDs, some people have a higher threshold that causes them to see the flickering in things like LED car tail lights and, unfortunately, LED backlit displays - leading to this terrible eye strain.

The solution? I now keep my screen turned up to full brightness to eliminate the need for the flicker-inducing pulse width modulation. The screen is very bright, but there are no more flickers and I love my MacBook Pro too much to exchange it for a plain MacBook with CCFL backlighting (which will also supposedly be switching to LED backlighting in 2009 anyway.) The staff at my local Apple store was of course more than helpful and was willing to let me exchange my glossy screen for matte even though I was beyond the 14 day return period. I knew that wasn't the problem though as my old MacBook was a glossy display. I've decided to stick with my full brightness solution. Sitting in a brightly-lit room tends to help alleviate how blinding the full brightness of the screen can be. In a dimly-lit room I guess I just wear sunglasses. Either way, the extreme brightness is worlds better than the sickening flicker I saw with a lower brightness setting

I would caution anybody considering buying a product with an LED backlit display to pay careful attention to make sure you don't have this same sensitivity. Turn the screen brightness down, find a high contract area of the screen, and quickly move your eyes back and forth over the screen. If you can detect the flicker, you may end up with this same problem.

I have no idea what percentage of the population has this sensitivity. I imagine we will hear more about it as more and more displays start using this technology. Hopefully the Apple engineers will come up with a way to eliminate this flicker some of us can see.

Russ Martin

15-inch MacBook Pro, Mac OS X (10.5.4)

Posted on Aug 23, 2008 8:25 AM

Reply
2,489 replies

Jun 10, 2014 1:56 AM in response to Jessiah1

An article typical of this genre. scientists develop new light bulb, and they have one ten years old still working?? And a gain of 75% power per lumen over incandescents will not do much for battery life in a macbook pro, which lest anyone forget is supposed to be the topic. Face it LEDs are here for the long run. Automobile headlights, rear lights, dashboards, street lights, household bulbs, all led by 2020 latest.

Jun 10, 2014 6:24 AM in response to LD150

peter_watt, the only thing I have seen you do is bait people into arguments. You yourself have stated your not experiencing the same issue everyone else is here so you cannot possibly understand but I will respond to a couple of your points as a good sport anyway.First, the topic is completely related by the possibility this lighting development might be flicker free, hello!? The Automobile lights very likely could change, LED is expensive because of the fact it runs with circuitry like a computer, there is also more carbon foot print with LED therefore it is not a smart choice in anyway except for it's energy consumption. If the Finally technology lasts 15 years it is an improvement over LED in Automobiles as their energy is self sustained by the vehicles electrical system. Also, please explain why consumer choice is not a reason alone to produce new forms of lighting? Obviously with 19 million in pre-orders the finally light bulb company is going to be successful whether you think so or not.

I know you have complained about receiving these notifications for this thread and how that is the only reason you come back here to comment, basically because these notifications leave you feeling annoyed. We'll I am going to do exactly what you should do and never respond to your comments again, they have been the least helpful to the discussion anyway.


Sincerely,


Jesse

Jun 10, 2014 7:29 AM in response to LD150

That is only true of the most simplistic of LED lighting however we are not making them simple we are making them dimmer capabilities and with other added technology to help the bulb save energy. There is circuitry in most LED lighting, some of them are all but computers in manufacturing plants. Last time I engage you on this, you are spouting information as if it is fact when you clearly have no clue. It is not even a discussion with you because you obviously have all the answers already.


User uploaded fileUser uploaded file Oh sure, no circuitry inside there!

Jun 10, 2014 7:37 AM in response to Jessiah1

LED dimming needs circuitry, of course. That is not what you said.

Information of a very dubious nature has been spouted here for 136 turgid pages. 90% or more off topic. You are abusing Apple's hospitality. I don't give a fetid dingo's kidneys what you think, but I wish you really would stop replying when you promised several times not to, and take your sh1t to another forum.

Jun 15, 2014 12:05 PM in response to RMartin111

On a more positive note, I just bought a 2014 Macbook Air 11.6". I'm very excited to say that I can use this for very extended periods of time with no eye strain. The screen manufacturer appears to be Samsung LTH116AT01A04. My wife's macbook pro retina with the LG screen still hurts my eyes. So far I've been OK with my Samsung backlit iPad 3, Samsung SmartTV, iPhone 5, and now this Macbook Air. I still have no idea what all this means, but I'm very happy to have (an excellent) laptop again. There likely are variations between LEDs from different companies, but I don't know if this translates to different color temperature, dithering, etc.

Jun 18, 2014 2:33 AM in response to RMartin111

The harmful blue light (wavelength from 450–495 nm, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue) emitting from the Macbook screen can cause eye strain, even increase the risk of eye disease lik exerophthalmia.


This research from The Huffington Post (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/dr-michael-j-breus/blue-light-sleep_b_3900607.html) claims blocking blue light not only reduce eyestrain but also helps sleep.


I use a pair of yellow lenses(http://www.halovis.com) which can block 97% of blue light. That makes me feel really comfortable when at my computer or using my phone.


Here is the video on YTB describes how it work:


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmUebEu3GzE

Jul 15, 2014 11:28 PM in response to RMartin111

what an interesting thread. and at an apple forum!


i tried to read the whole thing but it's huge now!


i have been interested in eyestrain and EMFs for some time. I highly recommend you guys look into EMFs. many of the symptoms described here can be from electromagnetic hypersensitivity. every screen i've tested emits a good deal of EMF. it's easy to test. any portable am radio makes a rough test. tune it to static. then start moving it toward things. dimmer switches, screens, CF lights, lots of stuff will send a signal. what i notice with my monitor is the signal is pulsing. not good.


some of you could test this out. just have the device close to you and don't read from it. keep your eyes closed. do you still feel sick? bad?


if it is an EMF issue you have to consider a lot of other stuff that's near your screen....lights, dimmers, cell towers. it could be that stuff and not the screen much.


i've been researching lights lately. i have an audio studio where i work a lot. since we are basically talking about light here is my summery.


you want something close to the sun. continuous, not flickering. full spectrum, not spikey like CF bulbs. and low EMFs (contrary to what some people say the sun does not put out much in the way of our man made emfs. )


incandescent lights are so slow to react to AC current they are very continuous. good. they aren't full spectrum but they have a good deal of it. most importantly they have a smooth spectrum curve. no huge spikes here and there. these don't put out much or any emf from what i've seen. but add a dimmer switch and the whole circuit will.


CF bulbs are very responsive to AC and flicker. ever try and use a dimmer with one not rated for dimming? hello light show! (cheap dimmers, like the ones in everybody's homes, are just fast switches. they don't change the voltage) so if you want to dim them they need to convert the voltage to something lower and constant. CF bulbs are super spikey with the spectrum. forget it. and they put out emf. they also contain mercury. and ive read many have holes in the coating that filters UV. awesome. can i have my 100 year old incandescent tech back?


LEDs have a better spectrum. there is a peak in the blue range. not so great. but overall smoother then florescent. they are also crazy responsive to voltage. crap. but if you get the dim-able ones ,in theory, you should have less AC flicker. i'm working on that one. the LEDS in my house put out crazy EMF. bad.


so there you have it. a bunch of bad options. guess you need an old school and slow technology.


finding out (from this forum) that screens are polarized was surprising. i whipped out my sunglasses and there you have it. polarized at 45 degrees here. can't be good. the sun isn't polarized.


so is there any consensus here on monitors? this site: http://www.tftcentral.co.uk/articles/flicker_free_database.htm looks useful and has some of the monitors mentioned in this tread.


perhaps what changed in the last few years is the devices started emitting different EMF. new wireless connection technology? there are lots of electronic components that emit EMF. or maybe it is the flicker, polarization, wack spectrum.


i'm researching a new monitor and room lighting at the moment.

Jul 16, 2014 12:05 AM in response to RMartin111

RMartin111 wrote:

One feature of the MacBook Pro that I was unaware of was the introduction of the LED backlit display to replace the CCFL backlight.
interesting.


I also knew that I could easily see the "rainbow effect" in DLP televisions that many other people don't see.
you have a super power = super curse.

My research into LED technology turned up the fact that it is a bit of a technological challenge to dim an LED.
i thought all you needed was to change the voltage and not have it alternating. basically the LED follows what the voltage is doing. but that cost money i bet. too much money. which is why they use a cheapo switch. on. off. repeat.
Some people (myself included) are much more sensitive to these flickers.
i don't think it's necessary to preview it for it to be a problem. you can't see UV light. you can't see ionizing radiation. you can't see microwaves.
Either way, the extreme brightness is worlds better than the sickening flicker I saw with a lower brightness setting
is this something unique to laptops? perhaps it saves power? have you seen this site and flicker free ratings? http://www.tftcentral.co.uk/articles/flicker_free_database.htm you might also try turning the wifi off (less EMF), and not having the laptop on your lap (less EMF)
Turn the screen brightness down, find a high contract area of the screen, and quickly move your eyes back and forth over the screen. If you can detect the flicker, you may end up with this same problem.
you can also turn all the lights off and twirl a cord in front of the screen. i just did this. at 100% the cord was continuous. at 0% brightness it was not. flicker.
cool topic russ. i suspect more people have issues with this then are known. they just write it off as simple eye strain.

Jul 16, 2014 12:21 AM in response to cporro

sorry about the multiple posts.


have you guys seen this? http://www.eizo.com/global/library/basics/eyestrain/


basically it relates to what i was saying about voltage and responsive lighting technology. DC dimming (lowering the voltage and keeping it constant) is easier on the eyes and people feel better using it. what's interesting to me is DC in my experience also produces a lot less EMF too. and where are the DC dimming monitors? none?

Jul 29, 2014 8:24 AM in response to RMartin111

Just want to report that with iOS 7.1.2 I can again use my iPad 4 all day long without getting headaches (as usual at 0% brightness), and even without having to set any of those accessibility options. I used it for 7 days now. The previous iOS 7 versions were pure pain and not usable for more than a few minutes. It's a clear difference. Even Safari is usable now.


I'm not sure if this means that Apple knows what's going on and that future iOS releases will always be eye friendly. Maybe I should never upgrade this device again.


I didn't try my iPhone 4 yet.

Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

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