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Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

There is one relatively serious con of the new LED backlit displays in the new MacBook Pros that seems to not get too much mention in the media. About a month ago I bought a new MacBook Pro to replace my standard white MacBook. One feature of the MacBook Pro that I was unaware of was the introduction of the LED backlit display to replace the CCFL backlight.

Once I started using my new laptop for long periods of time, I noticed severe eye strain and minor symptoms almost similar to motion sickness. After 20 or 30 minutes of use, I felt like I had been looking at the screen all day. Much longer and I would get headaches. If I used the old white MacBook (with its CCFL display), I had no eye troubles at all. Moreover, I could detect a distinct flicker on the MacBook Pro display when I moved my eyes across it - especially over high contract areas of the screen. White text on a black background was virtually impossible for me to read without feeling sick to my stomach because of all the flickering from moving my eyes over the text.

The strangest thing about all of this was that nobody else I showed the screen to could see these flickers I was seeing. I began to question my sanity until I did a little research. Discovering that the MacBook Pro introduced a new LED backlit display started to shed some light (so to speak) on what might be going on. I had long known that I could see LED flicker in things like car taillights and christmas lights that most of my friends could not see. I also knew that I could easily see the "rainbow effect" in DLP televisions that many other people don't see.

My research into LED technology turned up the fact that it is a bit of a technological challenge to dim an LED. Varying the voltage generally doesn't work as they are essentially designed to be either on or off with a fixed brightness. To work around this limitation, designers use a technique called pulse width modulation to mimic the appearance of lower intensity light coming out of the LED. I don't claim to fully understand the concept, but it essentially seems to involve very briefly turning off the LED several times over a given time span. The dimmer the LED needs to appear, the more time it spends in the off state.

Because this all happens so very quickly, the human brain does not interpret the flickers as flickers, rather as simply dimmer light. For most people that is. Some people (myself included) are much more sensitive to these flickers. From what I can tell, the concept is called the "flicker fusion threshold" and is the frequency at which sometime that is actually flickering is interpreted by the human brain as being continuously lit. While the vast majority of people have a threshold that doesn't allow them to see the flicker in dimmed LEDs, some people have a higher threshold that causes them to see the flickering in things like LED car tail lights and, unfortunately, LED backlit displays - leading to this terrible eye strain.

The solution? I now keep my screen turned up to full brightness to eliminate the need for the flicker-inducing pulse width modulation. The screen is very bright, but there are no more flickers and I love my MacBook Pro too much to exchange it for a plain MacBook with CCFL backlighting (which will also supposedly be switching to LED backlighting in 2009 anyway.) The staff at my local Apple store was of course more than helpful and was willing to let me exchange my glossy screen for matte even though I was beyond the 14 day return period. I knew that wasn't the problem though as my old MacBook was a glossy display. I've decided to stick with my full brightness solution. Sitting in a brightly-lit room tends to help alleviate how blinding the full brightness of the screen can be. In a dimly-lit room I guess I just wear sunglasses. Either way, the extreme brightness is worlds better than the sickening flicker I saw with a lower brightness setting

I would caution anybody considering buying a product with an LED backlit display to pay careful attention to make sure you don't have this same sensitivity. Turn the screen brightness down, find a high contract area of the screen, and quickly move your eyes back and forth over the screen. If you can detect the flicker, you may end up with this same problem.

I have no idea what percentage of the population has this sensitivity. I imagine we will hear more about it as more and more displays start using this technology. Hopefully the Apple engineers will come up with a way to eliminate this flicker some of us can see.

Russ Martin

15-inch MacBook Pro, Mac OS X (10.5.4)

Posted on Aug 23, 2008 8:25 AM

Reply
2,489 replies

Jun 15, 2015 11:02 AM in response to Gurm42

AMCarvalho - thank you for the information, always good to hear of someone finding success and I'm hoping that the new rMBP with the R9 chip might make a difference. I know that I can't use my brother's rMBP with an Nvidia chip in it for more than a few without feeling nauseous before developing headache and ultimately migraine symptoms.


Gurm42 - have you got your employer to pick you up the Mid-2015 R9 model yet? Would be very curious to hear how you get on as I think we're on the same page symptoms-wise. I'll try to pop into an Apple store and check it out too. If this isn't the answer then we need to get this Kickstarter on the go.

Jun 15, 2015 11:21 AM in response to SimonStokes

I just checked what we had in stock here. We got in a mid-2015 but it was the one with Iris only. It was ... better than before, but not something I'd want to use for hours on end. 5 minutes wasn't too bad. I'm going to have the helpdesk guys order a R9 the next time someone wants a 15" pro (this week, I think) and see how it is.

Jun 22, 2015 10:28 AM in response to max.kammerer

Will do so once we get in one of the new discrete Radeon units.


That is, unless CT wants to post more degrading GIFs which will undoubtedly end in my being banned from the forums. Y'know, because getting upset over being abused is apparently a worse crime in Apple's mind than being abused.


By the way, I did take the time to call and notify Applecare that abuse was occurring in a forum post dedicated to a medical issue. That seems, for some reason, to be uncool with the ADA. Those folks take some exception to people making fun of the visually impaired, and to the visually impaired being punished for it.

Jun 22, 2015 5:47 PM in response to Gurm42

Probably in the section where 'x-ray specs cartoons' or similar likeness thereof, are covered.


I'd suspect this to be in the invisible section about 'humor, cultural diversity, art appreciation

& an ability to laugh at the human condition' even if the laughable event is a fool in the mirror.


Since items posted are seldom permanent, the rules can be used to trim the chaff or pull a

few weeds. The last image posted by CT was likely done in humor, even if you don't see it.

To argue and complain is also noted to be reason to pull a few posts. Some get removed

by mistake, while others may be left due to a chance of interpretive differences.


However, I've not been following any thread in this ASC, in the 10+ years of occasional use.


There have been much worse items pointed at me than what you're upset about... a few only

known after gaining access to a 'lounge' area where comments about me were later found.

There are many items I don't consider worthy of getting upset about, and others where if I

were to reply, the cut would be as sharp as a knife.


So far there hasn't been any evidence to point an extreme instance of abuse, and if CT or

anyone accidentally hit upon a topic while not knowing some aspect of it personally affected

your health, it would most likely be by accident. And if you find offense in a cartoon, then it

may be you are reactive to an unnecessarily harsh degree.


The excessive effects of display brightness over the span of a large number of product users

is likely to vary, as evidenced by the length and breadth of those brought up in this thread. I

do not see any reason to take any reply as a personal affront, yet I know well about bullying.


Sorry that you've had a few unpleasant experiences to include some interaction in these ASC

discussion forums and sometimes it's better to reply to an apparent affront, with a kind word

since you may find the original item was not necessarily a slight to you personally.


In any event...

Good luck & happy computing! 🙂

Jun 25, 2015 6:56 AM in response to K Shaffer

I thought about this carefully before replying.


This thread is full of people - real people, Apple customers. Many/most of them/us have failing eyesight, advancing age, neurological problems, or a combination thereof.


And they have one overriding thing in common - they've been dismissed, laughed at, ridiculed, and disbelieved by everyone. Coworkers, family, friends, and ESPECIALLY Apple's employees and representatives. They've all heard a million times "it's all in your head", "it doesn't exist", "go see an eye doctor", "take frequent breaks". None of that is helpful, and after a while it isn't funny either.


One funny post? Fine. A recurring pattern of showing up, and doing nothing but drop a rude GIF? Not fine. ESPECIALLY when the individual in question has spent literally a COUPLE YEARS following the thread off and on, and KNOWS that nobody in here is amused by "you're crazy and need some Visine" jokes.


CT's posts, over the past year (or two), have included NO commentary, NO helpful suggestions, NO text at all - just:


- X Ray Specs (repeatedly)

- Jack Nicholson from the shining with giant bloodshot bulging eyes (repeatedly)

- A dog with giant bulging eyes


And you, sir, for good or ill? Posted "this helped me" in some kind of weird "level 6 user" back-patting. What's up with that? How did it help you to see a fellow high-level user being condescending towards a bunch of relatively desperate people with health issues? I don't know how the mental process works - perhaps it's "oh man look at all these crazy people who think that Apple displays are hurting their eyes... it's been six months since I tweaked them"? I just can't imagine. Maybe you didn't read the 151 pages of this thread (who would?) before going "hey that's pretty funny let me hit 'like' on it". I'm willing to give you the benefit of the doubt. But my ire with the original post(s) stands.


We're pretty used to being ignored, and told that we're crazy. But mockery from the most official-looking people (we all know you aren't from Apple, but since Apple's policy is "ignore everyone and build whatever we want", you'll have to do...) to ever pay ANY kind of attention to this thread? That's something else, and it stings.

Jun 25, 2015 9:47 PM in response to Gurm42

So this is my second-ever post here, and I'm chiming in for the sole sake of giving 100% full support to Gurm42. I was one of those crazy enough to read all 2,256 replies in this thread up to this point. I did it slowly over the matter of months.


Gurm is absolutely correct that this individual that goes by "CT" has contributed absolutely nothing positive to this thread but spamming it with images mocking the sufferers of the issue at hand. This isn't an issue of not being able to take a joke either. It's the fact that these postings just simply fail to be funny or amusing. The fact that they are being done repeatedly as a jab to those that are posting their experiences here proves that the intent is not out of comedy, but done so maliciously.


At best, it can be considered spam

At worst, it's simply harassment


Yes, I know the saying "don't feed the trolls" holds true once again, but some form of responsible moderation would be appreciated. It's hard to believe that somebody is so willing to waste their precious fleeting time on planet Earth making fun of people having struggles with their health. I would advise this person to focus on being a more productive person to society instead.

Jun 25, 2015 10:48 PM in response to Gurm42

Since I've been registered here since 2003 and have seen significant changes in structure, content,

methodology, applications, products, personnel, and several other things across global society in

general, there has been a steady decrease in the level of effort it takes for some persons to just

shine it on, and move on. You could do it. I have. And I've bothered to learn quite a bit across

many different subjects, but not from single-topic searches; from reading & memorizing books.


The best method to express an interest in a change of product, to address a problem that may

be fixed in hardware or software, or in presentation, is by use of Apple feedback pages on site:


• Apple Feedback

Tell us how we’re doing. Select the appropriate feedback option

(we read everything, but can’t always respond):

=°=°=°=°=°=°=°=°=°=


I have read most of the older threads in these discussions at some point or another; however it is

not a requirement to recite them by chapter and verses, nor it that the case in some zealot circles

of tribal cult, though it may be in those of a fantasy political following. There is nothing wrong with

a sense of humor, and the higher evolved persons learn to laugh when they can't change anything

or if the change is the cause of the problem. Sometimes a cure is worse than the first problem.


However this thread has gone on for several years and across many different builds of Apple product.

Implications in a few replies that suggest the problem is a user issue and not a product one, can be

best addressed by submitting comment to (product) Feedback - Apple: http://www.apple.com/feedback/


Different technologies, and designs have come and gone. If you were to use the Apple Feedback areas

and add comments on a creative answer instead of looking through dust for a few morsels or nuggets,

then perhaps a more positive change in the product and user satisfaction may result. An I suggest you

try that angle instead of running the content of this thread through a spell-checker or test for continuity

of concept across the duration of its existence.


I've been here awhile, but don't care if I stay or not. Otherwise, had I a perfect universe and nothing to

do but be a fan-boy, I would not have lived in a tiny Alaskan village where hauling water and using out

door plumbing, chopping ice of a mostly-frozen spring in hope of finding water (so as to not use fuel to

melt snow or ice) would not have been part of my life experience. And you could learn a lot from that.


I've not been here for gathering wealth, but to learn about life. I don't need these toys to do that, either.

However, I am not without health issues; but do not expect a Health App to cure or monitor satisfactorily.


At this point, I'd prefer to see certain lengthy topic threads capped and not go on almost indefinitely.

This would be among about 80 in number which have some historical basis in recording an issue,

but no traction toward a cure will be possible if nobody who posts here with an issue, bothers to go

and submit a Feedback comment to Apple directly. And do not expect a reply, unless you're lucky.


In any event...

Good luck & happy computing! 🙂


PS: should I click on item below someone else's post, is of no concern to you. I may say Hi

and speak nice to a tethered dog who'd like to bite me big time, but I'm not voting for it...

Nor am I to suggest a moderator to remove thrown stones. Try to get along. Life is Short.

Jun 25, 2015 10:41 PM in response to MagnuM396

I very much regret having to come back here and give this unfortunate update, but my primary symptoms have returned after about 10 months of relief by changing a few monitor settings. I gave a (rather long) post last Christmas Eve believing that excessive blue light was the root cause of my discomfort. My post was towards the bottom of page 144 here:


Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro


My symptoms originally hit without warning on August 25th, 2012 after a lot of computer use at work and at home. The symptoms are as follows:


- Photophobia / light sensitivity

- Aching / cramping eyes

- Tension / visual headaches

- Nausea / motion- or sea-sickness


I have been using the Dell UltraSharp U2410 both at work and at home, and had it at the original out-of-box default settings the whole time. Around May 2014, I finally gained some relief after changing the following settings:


- Reducing brightness from 50% --> 0% (causing maximum PWM flicker)

- Changing color temperature from Standard --> Warm

- Installing f.lux to further reduce color temperature from 6500K --> 5000K


It took almost 2 weeks to notice any difference at all (cramped eye muscles take a while to settle down I guess), but eventually it almost seemed like the issue was a non-factor! I was able to work a 40+ hour work week without crossing the threshold that would make all the symptoms come on. In fact, I worked quite a bit of overtime at my job as a server administrator, and had quite an out-of-the-park performance review during that time that I was not plagued by this issue. People thought my improvement was due to increased effort, but there was no extra effort required. I was simply allowed to work comfortably for the first time in years.


Then, for some reason at the end of March this year, all the symptoms came back, seemingly as bad as ever. These monitor settings that provided me with so much relief the previous 10 months stopped working.


In April, I ordered a pair of prescription BluTech Lenses, which are yellow-tinted, and block violet-blue light. After experimenting for nearly a month, it was hard to see any benefit. My experiment may have been skewed though, because I seemed to have a hard time getting used to the prescription, despite it only being off by a 1/4 diopter in both eyes. I may explore this idea again, but try different blue-blocking screen filters instead.


In May, I consulted an ophthalmologist, who in less than five minutes said they didn't know and couldn't help me (at least they were honest), as well as my lifetime optometrist. Both suggested that my eyes appeared to be healthy, and that we might be looking for the root cause in the wrong place. Both suggested a neurological consultation, which I have set up, and I'm currently waiting for.


I am also still very sensitive to LCDs lit by an LED backlight. My eyes/brain/body very much prefer an LCD lit by the older CCFL backlight. In early February this year, I worked with a colleague who had a bright LED monitor for a few minutes. I felt drained and overwhelmed while doing so, despite having no knowledge of the display type. A sharp eye ache started, followed by a horrific headache (worst I've ever recorded). The next 4 days were basically a write-off for me, and it took that long to finally get back to how I felt before the exposure.


Another interesting story is when I went to a friend's house who had dual monitors. The one on the left looked nice and dim, with warm inviting colors, and the one of the right looked bright with very harsh cool colors. My friend told me the monitor on the left was an LCD, and the one of the right was an LED, and given how they looked, I believed him. We used both monitors to view a bunch of photographs for about an hour, before my friend turned to me and stated "Funny how you've lasted a whole hour with this LED of mine, when before you said you could only last a few minutes." I replied with "Yeah, that would be amazing, if it were actually an LED". He replied with "Of course it is, just look at it". I replied with "It may look like one, but it's not. Check the model number". Once he did, he found out that both his monitors were LCDs, it's just the settings were different. I had successfully performed the double-blind placebo test. My body was able to tell the difference.


Unfortunately, I feel like I'm back to square one. I have no idea why I seem to have such an abnormal hyper-sensitivity to LED light sources. Even using an LCD will eventually bring on symptoms, it just takes a lot longer. It's entirely possible I'm dealing with two distinct and separate issues (pure chronic overuse of digital displays, and sensitivity to LED).


I will return with any future updates, should they come.

Jul 9, 2015 6:57 AM in response to MagnuM396

So a quick update - I haven't gotten in the new Macbook Pro yet (CDW shipped us last year's model instead... we sent it back) so I can't give a definitive answer on that, yet. However, I've been experimenting with a lot of phones lately. Gawd, do my eyes hurt.


I've determined DEFINITIVELY that the iPhone 5... is hard to look at. Not impossible, but hard. They definitely changed screens from the 4s. It's a second-generation retina, and it DEFINITELY has FRC/Temporo-Spatial Dithering. I can see it pretty clearly in the new Fallout Shelter game from Bethesda (which is a great game if you like the Fallout series, btw). I knew it was unlikely that they magically made a retina have a higher color gamut from one generation to the next, and this pretty much cinches it. I'm investigating whether there is a possibility to control something like dithering in the kernel level if the phone is jailbroken, but I'm not holding out much hope.


The iPhone 6... I have mixed reactions to. Some models seem worse than others, I don't know if they are sourcing them from different places. My friend's 6+ was marginally acceptable the other day, at least for short periods, much like the 5. However the loaner 6 we have at work is impossible to look at for more than a minute without immediate eyestrain.


I grabbed an HTC One M7 (Verizon) because I really liked the screen on another friend's AT&T HTC One. It was... ok. Not great, and hours of use induced hours of eyestrain. I temporarily tried an HTC One M8 (Verizon), which is an EXCELLENT phone in every way... except the screen.


I've found that there are different classes of terrible for me. Let me explain:


- Lensing/Glass effect: In some phones, such as the LG G4, Samsung S6 Edge, or Sony XPeria Z3, as well as the HTC Desire 612 and the iPhone 6... the screen is "lensed" in order to make it "pop". This lensing effect induces IMMEDIATE eyestrain for me regardless of settings, filters, etc.


- FRC/Temporal Dither: In other phones, such as the Galaxy Core Prime and the LG Lancet, extremely cheap screens are being used. Instead of just admitting that the screens are low-color screens, Samsung and LG are marketing them as "millions of colors" (on a $100 phone? yeah right!) and using FRC to produce more colors. Ironically, the iPhone 5/5s/5c ALSO fall into this category, or at least some of them do. I suspect Apple has SOME Retina displays that are capable of really producing 8-bit color and some that are only 6-bit, and that the controller chip does FRC to compensate, just like on Macbooks.


- PWM: Pretty much every OLED phone out there does PWM. The Galaxy S series does it pretty drastically. This makes the S6 pretty much the worst phone ever, as it does lensing AND PWM. I can tolerate a Galaxy S4 if I put it on full bright and then control brightness with software, but I suspect this will kill the battery. (Further experimentation needed...)


- Unknown/BlueLight/Resolution/???: Then there's the "why is this phone which is otherwise pretty ok to look at hurting my eyes" question. This is the million dollar question. When you take a phone like an HTC M8 or LG G3 which has no lensing, no PWM, no FRC (that I know of) and I still can't look at it for very long... it's very frustrating.


I'm at a loss. My iPhone 4s is dead, and while I could try to transition all my stuff to a new 4s... that seems like a losing proposition. So I'm going to try to make do with SOMETHING. The phone I've been able to tolerate longest has been the iPhone 5 or the Galaxy Core Prime, so I suppose it's going to be one of those.


Anyone else have thoughts here?

Jul 10, 2015 3:01 AM in response to Gurm42

MagnuM396 - Sorry to hear your problem came back, that's very strange that the same settings have caused a change in your situation, I'm at a loss of what to suggest here.


Gurm42 - I've had to settle with the iPhone 5 for now which I can use for 10-15 mins every couple of hours without getting severe symptoms. Some of the Windows Phones look easy on my eyes but I've not had a chance to test them ongoing.


Update from me - I've pretty much cut the Macbook out of my life unless absolutely necessary. It's meant changing my job essentially as I can no longer teach people music production using them, but I feel a lot better for it. The constant nausea, headaches and migraines were really getting to me so it had to go. I'm interested in trying the new R9 model to see how I get on as I really need to be using OSX for a lot of what I do.


In the meantime, a few days ago I picked up a cheap desktop PC to use at home - Acer Aspire X3995. I've been using an old desktop I cobbled together from parts I had lying around with absolutely no problems but it was a bit old and slow so I upgraded.


However, this PC uses onboard graphics (Intel HD) and I can report that on the same monitor that I was using with the last PC I'm back to having the exact same symptoms as I get from my Macbook. Since I use a PC in the studio without issue for 12 hours a day (running on a Nvidia GTX285 graphics card) I'm going to try sticking an Nvidia card into this new Acer to see if that kills the problem, in which case I can put it down in this instance to the Intel HD graphics chip.


I'll report back next week with any information, in the meantime let's keep this on-topic and please remember to post to update your current situations. I'm still reading this with great interest and I know a lot of others are too. We'll get there.. 😎

Jul 10, 2015 8:46 AM in response to SimonStokes

Simon,


I'm going to take a closer look at the LG Lancet and Lumia 735 this weekend.


The Lancet is a low-res phone, from first glance it didn't cause any immediate eyestrain but DOES have substantial temporal dithering (which leads to longer term but less severe eyestrain) and VERY lousy viewing angles. Plus it suffers from the bane of all low-res smartphones, which is the fact that EVERYTHING is designed for 540p and up phones now, which means any 400p or 480p phone will have problems rendering small fonts and fine lines. But it's otherwise a fine little phone, the camera is capable and they actually packed one of the best mid-range processors available into it.


The Lumia 735 is a longshot, I normally HATE Lumia phones. But it's an OLED at only 720p on a 4.7" screen, which means the pixel density is pretty low. At lower brightness levels it MIGHT be tolerable. And in spite of the mid-spec CPU it is otherwise a kickass device.


My only other potential options now are the iPhone 5 (which like you I can tolerate as long as I don't spend a long time on it) or the Galaxy Core Prime (which has pretty bad Temporal Dithering but is otherwise pain-free as long as I don't use it for a long time).

Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

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