Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

There is one relatively serious con of the new LED backlit displays in the new MacBook Pros that seems to not get too much mention in the media. About a month ago I bought a new MacBook Pro to replace my standard white MacBook. One feature of the MacBook Pro that I was unaware of was the introduction of the LED backlit display to replace the CCFL backlight.

Once I started using my new laptop for long periods of time, I noticed severe eye strain and minor symptoms almost similar to motion sickness. After 20 or 30 minutes of use, I felt like I had been looking at the screen all day. Much longer and I would get headaches. If I used the old white MacBook (with its CCFL display), I had no eye troubles at all. Moreover, I could detect a distinct flicker on the MacBook Pro display when I moved my eyes across it - especially over high contract areas of the screen. White text on a black background was virtually impossible for me to read without feeling sick to my stomach because of all the flickering from moving my eyes over the text.

The strangest thing about all of this was that nobody else I showed the screen to could see these flickers I was seeing. I began to question my sanity until I did a little research. Discovering that the MacBook Pro introduced a new LED backlit display started to shed some light (so to speak) on what might be going on. I had long known that I could see LED flicker in things like car taillights and christmas lights that most of my friends could not see. I also knew that I could easily see the "rainbow effect" in DLP televisions that many other people don't see.

My research into LED technology turned up the fact that it is a bit of a technological challenge to dim an LED. Varying the voltage generally doesn't work as they are essentially designed to be either on or off with a fixed brightness. To work around this limitation, designers use a technique called pulse width modulation to mimic the appearance of lower intensity light coming out of the LED. I don't claim to fully understand the concept, but it essentially seems to involve very briefly turning off the LED several times over a given time span. The dimmer the LED needs to appear, the more time it spends in the off state.

Because this all happens so very quickly, the human brain does not interpret the flickers as flickers, rather as simply dimmer light. For most people that is. Some people (myself included) are much more sensitive to these flickers. From what I can tell, the concept is called the "flicker fusion threshold" and is the frequency at which sometime that is actually flickering is interpreted by the human brain as being continuously lit. While the vast majority of people have a threshold that doesn't allow them to see the flicker in dimmed LEDs, some people have a higher threshold that causes them to see the flickering in things like LED car tail lights and, unfortunately, LED backlit displays - leading to this terrible eye strain.

The solution? I now keep my screen turned up to full brightness to eliminate the need for the flicker-inducing pulse width modulation. The screen is very bright, but there are no more flickers and I love my MacBook Pro too much to exchange it for a plain MacBook with CCFL backlighting (which will also supposedly be switching to LED backlighting in 2009 anyway.) The staff at my local Apple store was of course more than helpful and was willing to let me exchange my glossy screen for matte even though I was beyond the 14 day return period. I knew that wasn't the problem though as my old MacBook was a glossy display. I've decided to stick with my full brightness solution. Sitting in a brightly-lit room tends to help alleviate how blinding the full brightness of the screen can be. In a dimly-lit room I guess I just wear sunglasses. Either way, the extreme brightness is worlds better than the sickening flicker I saw with a lower brightness setting

I would caution anybody considering buying a product with an LED backlit display to pay careful attention to make sure you don't have this same sensitivity. Turn the screen brightness down, find a high contract area of the screen, and quickly move your eyes back and forth over the screen. If you can detect the flicker, you may end up with this same problem.

I have no idea what percentage of the population has this sensitivity. I imagine we will hear more about it as more and more displays start using this technology. Hopefully the Apple engineers will come up with a way to eliminate this flicker some of us can see.

Russ Martin

15-inch MacBook Pro, Mac OS X (10.5.4)

Posted on Aug 23, 2008 8:25 AM

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Sep 30, 2013 6:23 AM in response to benterz222

Benterz, some people simply have a burning issue with their eyes causing some watering and irritation after a period of use and this can be from dry eyes not blinking. And others like myself have borderline epileptic seizure like reactions causing severe migraines and vertigo that seem to begin with eye strain in the first few seconds/minutes. This is only a smaller percentage of users and most people will not have any issues they can perceive. There are a number of people with medical conditions who are light sensitive to begin with and the new LED monitors are worse for some. Some people have no medical explanation and experience severe symptoms, I am one of those however I believe my issue may be related to previous head trauma. The original posters personal experience is in their first post.

Sep 30, 2013 8:50 AM in response to Jessiah1

I have also had head trauma.


My symptoms are simmilar to Jessiah1. It starts with eye uncomfort, usually just one eye will start having a burning sensation, then it starts to feel like a mental strain just to keep my eyes focused on what I'm reading/looking at, I can begin to feel a little naseus. After an hour or 2 of this, I am completely mentally worn down and all I want to do is sleep. It becomes increasingly difficult for me to use cognitive abilities.


Edit: It also feels like a very low level headache. Very mild, not enough to even want advil. I also now have profound photosensitivity. I wear sunglasses from the moment I wake up until the moment I go to sleep. I get a lot of looks 🙂


The macbook retina made me feel OK yesterday, and so far it is doing well today. I don't think it's perfect, but I think it's much better than the rest. If anyone can get their hands on a HP 8570w with a dreamcolor display, I'd really love to hear about that. I also plan to buy a Dell U2410 monitor.


The phone is still an issue for me. My iPhone 5 still makes me feel terrible. The Samsung G4 seemed just as uncomfortable as the iPhone 5. The HTC One doesn't feel great but it's not as bad as the iPhone 5. I am truly considering buying a basic flip phone.

Sep 30, 2013 1:36 PM in response to kvoth

Kvoth, your symptoms are what mine were 3 years ago when everything was just CCFL and general lighting was not LED anywhere yet. I can't look at any new technology anymore for any period of time unfortunately, I hope you do not progress to my current status! One theory I have now is that something is happening to make me more sensitive each time I have major exposure causing severe migraines. My sensitivity may be increasing after each episode, I am more sensitive to all light lately unfortunately and fear that one day migraines may be triggered immediately by any type of light at some point, lets hope not....I hear you on the flip phone. My friend just purchased a 5S and I found his screen somewhat easier to look at than the 4/4S and 5, it appears different to me.


A lot of people on this forum are talking about different image rendering technologies behind the phones and computer screens, it would be really great if Apple was working on this and used some of the more sensitive people to test solutions...Of course they are out sourcing monitors so that is complicated but some manufacturer should be working on this because if it would be good for those who are sensitive it must be good for those who are not as well.

Sep 30, 2013 4:01 PM in response to Jessiah1

How bad are your symptoms? Can you describe them in more detail? Do you have any shortness of breath, brain fog, inability to do simple calculations? Does your face feel like its burning from inside? Is there any facial numbness, tension or cramp like feeling. Any feeling heaviness in the chest? Can you tell me if the old CCFL backlit monitors are troublesome to you as well? How about old fluorescent lights that use magnetic ballast? Do you ever get a choking feeling in your throat, that goes away only if you blow your nose or cough vigorously? Most importantly does excessive amount of strong coffee in the morning trigger similar symptoms?

Sep 30, 2013 5:54 PM in response to ArtechokiQ

ArtechokiQ wrote:


How bad are your symptoms? Can you describe them in more detail? Do you have any shortness of breath, brain fog, inability to do simple calculations? Does your face feel like its burning from inside? Is there any facial numbness, tension or cramp like feeling. Any feeling heaviness in the chest? Can you tell me if the old CCFL backlit monitors are troublesome to you as well? How about old fluorescent lights that use magnetic ballast? Do you ever get a choking feeling in your throat, that goes away only if you blow your nose or cough vigorously? Most importantly does excessive amount of strong coffee in the morning trigger similar symptoms?


ArtechokiQ


I don't know if you were asking me or Jessiah or both of us 🙂


My symptoms are pretty bad, though they can vary. I had to quit my job (software) because it became impossible to do the work.


When a small wave comes on, my eye burns, then it aches, I can get a small headache, and I can then feel naseus. I begin to feel disoriented, dizzy, and have a hard time looking around. However, my balance is still fine. When I've been using a device for a long time and I get serious symptoms, everything becomes very difficult for me. I get the symptoms above, but the worst part is that simple decisions becomes seriously difficult. I become extremely lethargic and exhausted. Mentally, I am tcompletely taxed. Yes, simple calculations would be tough. All I want to do is close my eyes and lay down. It is a tough task to just keep my eyes open and process what I am seeing.


The "small wave" symptoms happen multiple times per day. The worse symptoms happen when I spend an extended period of time on a device.


Both natural light as well as indoor lighting. I think that fluorescent lights are really bad. When I go to the indoor climbing gym, I wear sunglasses now. Being in there without sunglasses makes the intense symptoms trigger. Sunglasses don't make it perfect, but it helps a lot.


Sepearate from these triggered symptoms, I have other permanent symptoms. I very easily get "floaters" in my vision (burned in images) even from non-light sources. Also, I'll frequently see "stars" in my vision.


EDIT: I have photosensitivity. Being outside in the light is uncomfortable without sunglasses. Additionally, I've noticed that straining physical exercise will intensify my light sensitivity and make me feel disoriented.


To answer some of your other questions:

Do you have any shortness of breath, brain fog, inability to do simple calculations?

Brain fog and inability to do simple calculations when I have the severe symptoms. No shortness of breath, really. I exercise a lot and at high altitude.


Does your face feel like its burning from inside?


My eye does (usually only my right eye, the dominant one). The rest of my face does not.


Is there any facial numbness, tension or cramp like feeling. Any feeling heaviness in the chest?


No.


Can you tell me if the old CCFL backlit monitors are troublesome to you as well?


I don't know when the last time I had a CCFL monitor was (not sure which ones were CCFL). I had 30" Dell monitors that were 4 years old. I had no problems with them. I had 24" Dell's in the years before that.


I never had these problems with any devices I had (or maybe I did but they were mild?) until 1.5 years ago. I changed companies and got all new devices. A new Google Nexus phone, a 30" apple glossy display, and the macbook pro that was current at that time. I then got an iPhone 5 when they came out.


How about old fluorescent lights that use magnetic ballast?


I'm not sure if they are magnetic ballast, but yes, the fluorescent lights at the climbing gym I go to make me feel terrible.


Do you ever get a choking feeling in your throat, that goes away only if you blow your nose or cough vigorously?


Hmm. Not a choking feeling, I wouldn't say. But my throat has been constricted; I'd say about 70% of the time I eat food, it gets caught in my throat in the first few bites of a meal. It's very uncomfortable and I have to wash it down with water. I always have to have a drink with my meals now. I've never had this problem a single time in my life before now.

Most importantly does excessive amount of strong coffee in the morning trigger similar symptoms?


YES. I used to drink coffee daily and sometimes 2x. I have completely quit drinking coffee. Then, today, I tested it out again. A strong Late. Sure enough, I got my symptoms a few hours later and I had done nothing that would normally trigger them.


Would you mind explaining how you know all of these things?

Sep 30, 2013 6:45 PM in response to kvoth

I might be able to help you with the fluorescent lights, polarized sunglasses will make things worse so don't use those. Go to your eye doctor and get a pair of glasses with this coating whether you need a prescription or not: http://www.crizalusa.com/Crizal-Lenses/Crizal-Prevencia/Pages/default.aspx


I have been through the gauntlet of Dr.'s and drugs and the glasses are the only thing to help at all so far. They may help a little with LED lighting however it should defiantly help much more than tinted lenses with fluorescent lighting. I have been working with Crizal to provide feedback for some time and they are working on more lenses for the future, hopefully something that works better with LED for me!


If money is an issue try these out with fluorescent lighting:http://www.amazon.com/Uvex-S4400X-Eyewear-Uvextra-Anti-Fog/dp/B003OBZ3UE


8 bucks, they are what I wore at my place of work under fluorescent light until the LED lights were installed. The reason you had issues with all of your new devices is because they are all newer LED technology and blue light, most everyone here is having the same problem.


Your symptoms are extremely close to mine with the exception that I cannot look at any LED devices for any time without getting severely sick, maybe 30 seconds to 2 minutes and I am done for hours. If I get 1 hour of exposure I am done for days if not weeks.

Sep 30, 2013 7:23 PM in response to Jessiah1

I might be able to help you with the fluorescent lights, polarized sunglasses will make things worse so don't use those. Go to your eye doctor and get a pair of glasses with this coating whether you need a prescription or not: http://www.crizalusa.com/Crizal-Lenses/Crizal-Prevencia/Pages/default.aspx

Thanks a lot for this. I'll go do this immediately.

I have been through the gauntlet of Dr.'s and drugs and the glasses are the only thing to help at all so far.
Your symptoms are extremely close to mine with the exception that I cannot look at any LED devices for any time without getting severely sick, maybe 30 seconds to 2 minutes and I am done for hours. If I get 1 hour of exposure I am done for days if not weeks.

Do you have any idea what caused this? Was it soon after head trauma? Or was it linked to new devices?


With your trauma, did you hurt your neck at all? If you did, or even if you're not sure if you did, I'd recommend going to a chiropractor. In addition to my symptoms listed above, I was having extreme energy issues. I constantly felt as if I hadn't eaten food in days. Very weak physically and mentally.


I had an xray of my neck and it came out OK. I went to a good chiropractor and after one 30 minute session I walked out feeling immediately better. She said my neck was definitely misaligned. I'm still not sure how or if the neck issue is connected to my eyes.

Oct 1, 2013 7:17 AM in response to kvoth

Unfortunately I cannot perfectly match up dates to know exactly when it started or what caused the issue however I do know I had hit my head on ice while snowboarding around the same time I started having major issues with fluorescent. I can recall several major hits to my head through out my life, my neurologist has explained that everyone is different. Some may have issues after one hit to the head and others it could be the 5th, 6th or who know's time before something happens to their brain. I have heard of foot ball players having light sensitivity after concussions so the theory does make sense. My MRI did not show any serious concussion damage however I question the thoroughness when they examined my MRI results because they completed it at the request of an ENT to look for inner ear damage due to my vertigo symptoms.


My neck and back have always bothered me as well, I carry a lot of tension in my middle back and have some posture issues, I lift weights regularly to try and compensate for this and a lower back injury (slipped disc). I have been to chiropractors all through my life for one reason or another, I tried revisiting that to solve my current problem with no luck. What I can say is that it does help relieve some of the symptoms after heavy exposure to LED light but I have found it does not prevent any of the reaction I have to the LED lights in the first place.


The body is complicated and the spine/brain are the most misunderstood/mysterious parts to doctors to date so I wouldn't count on anyone finding the exact root cause here. Our best bet is a technology change with LED lighting or lenses that filter out the culprit, Crizal is working on the next thing but it could be some time before we see that.


I don't believe everyone involved here has had the pleasure of being exposed regularly to overhead LED lighting in stores, airports, gas stations, street lights and so on in thier respective areas of the country/world. I would be interested to see how many here have issues with that kind of lighting in addition to the Apple displays. There are a lot of theory's about operating platforms, temporal dithering and general display technology that do not apply to my aforementioned lighting sources and I get just as sick from those........


To bring the conversation back to discovering the cause of our pain😉 I still feel it is a combination of some sort of flashing and color spectrum. I believe our eyes cannot focus on the light because it appears to be out of focus to our brain and because of the extreme brightness level LED's are much more severe than fluorescent. Fluorescent's also leave a "ghost" light behind due to their nature (so appearing not to flash as harshly) than LED lights do with their instant on/off capabilities which would explain some of why the blue light filtering anti-reflective coating's I use are not as helpful with LED as they are with Fluorescent....

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Eye strain from LED backlighting in MacBook Pro

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