Most of the time, my iPhone sits in the 3G dock and charges and syncs and is happy. The "lightning" icon in the battery shows it is charging, and when full it goes to the "power plug". But if the battery gets too low, less than 10% charge, then it will connect and start charging, but after a minute or two it stops and there is no icon (lightning or plug) just a battery indicator (on phone and iTunes). This has happened a few times, and I've now worked out the occasions, and my theory is that the phone is going into a power-save mode to retain more power, and thereby shutting down the charging mechanism too. To get it to work again, I have to put it into another computers charger, let it charge to 50% or so, and then it will work fine in my dock.
I'd welcome hearing if anyone else has had this, and any solutions.
(For technical info, this is Windows XP Pro, latest iTunes and iPhone software, direct USB connection, rebooting the PC doesn't fix it.)