The only truly "safe machine" is one that is never turned on and doesn't have data.
It really is a question of risk avoidance. Are you using a system where you are constantly hit by possible viruses and spyware, or are you using a system that prevents most of those types of attacks by design? Mac OS X prevents a lot of them by design. Apple menu -> System Preferences -> Sharing lets you turn on a built-in Firewall. Most internet routers add an additional Firewall. WPA2 wireless encryption does that too. As long as you are aware of the source of any risky files, you are better off than those who are not. Before accepting any files that are sent to you, ask their source. An unprotected Windows PC is less likely to be able to infect a Mac OS X system than a Mac OS X an unprotected Windows PC. Windows PCs are more likely able to infect other Windows PCs. P2P sharing software which opens up your machine as an internet server can make you the first point of contact for any possible viruses or spyware over one that never opens itself up.
As far as knowing whether anything not good was attached to a pic, ClamXav will tell you.
You are more likely to encounter bad files in the format of Applescripts, Microsoft Office Macros which only impact Office, and true Application packages. Get software only from known good sources such as those on
http://www.versiontracker.com/ and
http://www.macupdate.com/
Ask others on boards whether they have tried certain software if there is any doubt first.