On the term 'Greeking Threshold'

Commonly, applications that support scalable glyph drawings also support a setting below which the scaler does not need to try to maintain the distinctive shapes of the glyph drawings.

Different typographic traditions have different names for alien glyph designs. For instance, English uses the phrase 'it's Greek to me' while French uses the phrase 'it's Chinese to me'.

An attempt has previously been made to motivate Adobe Systems not to name the threshold after any specific writing system in any specific world script.

Adobe Systems chose to ignore the position, and the term 'Greek' and 'Greeking' is still used in the interfaces of Adobe applications.

Apple Incorporated likewise introduces technically irrelevant Anglo-American traditional typographic in Apple interfaces. There is no technical merit to the terms 'Greek' and 'Greeking'.

Technically, the relevant term should simply describe the glyph size below which the specifics of the glyph design are no longer preserved.

Greek is an official writing system of the European Union. What would be sound suggestions for Apple to choose between in changing the interface terminology?

/hh

Posted on Feb 2, 2009 1:37 AM

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19 replies

Feb 2, 2009 3:34 AM in response to PeterBreis0807

Anyone you want to nail on this one?


The person at Adobe was Thomas Phinney, product manager for fonts. Thomas was relieved of his post in December 2008 when Adobe announced that it would lay off 600 people.

More to the point, there is a debate at the EU level and at the member country level about how to sustain multilingual society.

When I worked for a chartered translation company in the nineteen-eighties, IBM Danmark (they do no want to called IBM Denmark) had a localisation policy.

IBM Danmark tried to introduce datamat instead of computer, fast pladelager instead of harddisk, and so on and so forth.

If the protective separation of character processing from glyph processing is to be taught in schools, as it should in my opinion, then Apple (and Adobe) will have a hard time.

Type size is specified in Anglo-American points to the inch, despite DIN and BS metric attempts in the nineteen-seventies which were overruled by the Adobe/Apple/Linotype alliance.

Type style is specified in Anglo-American traditional terminology that dates from Joseph Moxon's seventeenth century manual on type making (roman and italic, not antiqua and cursive).

Type scaling is again the same issue, 'Greek' and 'Greeking' whereas there are times when I would prefer 'American' and 'Americanising' as the more apt technical term, if only to turn the tables for this one time only.

Unicode character names are in English translation and English transliteration - only the ASCII character set is supported for the character syntax (there is a caveat in the Character Palette, but from the Unicode point of view the caveat can be considered a bug and not a benefit).

And the list goes on and on and on. There are tiny rays of light, like the NAME table in the TrueType Specification that supports localisation of smart shaping and smart scaling from within the intelligent font file itself, but these rays of light are few and far between.

/hh

Feb 2, 2009 3:57 AM in response to Henrik Holmegaard

Henrik Holmegaard wrote:
Anyone you want to nail on this one?


Type size is specified in Anglo-American points to the inch, despite DIN and BS metric attempts in the nineteen-seventies which were overruled by the Adobe/Apple/Linotype alliance.


Even worse was that there were 2 different point sizes in play in America.

The only concession to rational modernity was that they chose the less irrational of the 2 for the so called PostScript point making it 1/72 of an inch.

To make a total farce of it they could have chosen 1/12 of the traditional American printer’s foot measure of *11.952 inches* (303.5808 mm).

The bane of the metric world, ie everyone except Americans, is that programmers haven't grasped that an inch is exactly 25.4 mm and therefore there is an exact conversion for points to metrics if they will only use enough decimal places.

Apple is as guilty as any of them getting metric measures wrong in the iWork suite along with other software. It is more than annoying, when you try to align objects to avoid visible joins and the software stuffs it up.

Feb 2, 2009 8:11 AM in response to Henrik Holmegaard

For what it's worth, the term greek for unintelligible text predates predates printing (let alone computer typesetting), apparently going back to medieval times. cf. Merriam-Webster.

Graecum est; non potest legi.

I'm not saying that there can't or shouldn't be a more appropriate term, merely that it is well entrenched in typography, making Adobe's position somewhat understandable.

Feb 2, 2009 9:01 AM in response to Bekins

For what it's worth, the term greek for unintelligible text predates predates printing


Printing was introduced at a point when a wave of universities were being founded by Papal permission. Universitatis Hafniensis (Københavns Universitet) was founded in 1479, if memory serves. Universitatis Wittenbergensis in 1522. And so forth.

Latin letters as Greek letters and Hebrew letters were composed, but of the three Latin letters were the most common. The compositors were doing piecework, paid by the measure, and the piecework was harder for the less common languages including Greek and Hebrew.

Until 1856, doctoral dissertations at Københavns Universitet had to be submitted in Latin. Aboard the Endeavour, David Solander, a student of Linnæus at Uppsala, penned the first zoological description of a kangaroo in Latin, not in Swedish, not in German, not in French, and not in English.

/hh

Feb 2, 2009 9:10 AM in response to Tom Gewecke

where this term becomes "Grænse for mumletekst".


Right, mumletekst merely means mumble text. Adobe nor Apple are advised to adopt technical terms that are non-ethnic. The argument that it is 'traditional Anglo-American typographic terminology' is irrelevant, because what Adobe and Apple are selling is not traditional Anglo-American typographic technology nor are the customers traditional Anglo-American typographers.

Compare the irrelevant change of PARAGRAPH SIGN in Unicode 1.0 (see Inside Macintosh: Text, 1993 for the original character name) to PILCROW SIGN. There are absolutely no everyday Anglo-American endusers who know that PILCROW SIGN is traditional Anglo-American typographic terminology (from *********** Latin).

/hh

Feb 2, 2009 10:58 AM in response to Tom Gewecke

Tom Gewecke wrote:
If you don't like the language used in the English localization of the OS, you can just switch it to Dansk, where this term becomes "Grænse for mumletekst".


Excuse my ignorance, but where does the word appear in the UI?

And Henrik, isn't "vrøvletekst" as common a Danish word as "mumletekst"? I think both of them are excellent by the way.

Feb 2, 2009 11:46 AM in response to Tom Gewecke

Tom Gewecke wrote:
Excuse my ignorance, but where does the word appear in the UI?


It's in Preview > Preferences > PDF.


Aha!

I see the Nederlands and Svenska localizations also use Greeking-drempel and Greeking-tröskel.


Yes, that's kind of boring. Danish probably wins the competition for most interesting translation. Reading Wikipedia, the Russian translator of Preview lost an opportunity for some interesting translation as well, as рыба is jargon that can be used to describe filler text. That would have been much more fun than +отображаемий шрифт+.

Feb 2, 2009 12:23 PM in response to Tom Gewecke

Tom Gewecke wrote:

I was wondering if the CJK translations had anything interesting in them...


Not really. For Chinese, the word is 文字显示/文字顯示, which roughly means "demo text". For Japanese the word is 簡略表示, roughly "simplified display". Korean shows even less originality and calls it 그리킹, which, as far as I understand, simply is a transcription of "greeking".

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On the term 'Greeking Threshold'

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