Update to my original post in this thread:
http://discussions.apple.com/message.jspa?messageID=11792654#11792654
In brief: it may be my RAM.
Read on...
My system managed to stay stable for about 10 hours on June 29, from 7am to roughly 5pm. I was running OS X Mail and VMWare Fusion (with Win 7 + Firefox 3.6.6 + Selenium IDE + VS 2010). No trouble.
Later that evening while simply watching videos on YouTube (via OS X Firefox 3.6.6) my screen started flickering like mad and though I could move the mouse, no input was being registered. Eventually I just held down the power button to power off.
I spent all day on June 30 and July 1 trying to find a solution to the problem. I've run AHT from my original install disk, for 5 hours in loop mode. I've run ASD 3S116, both EFI and OS level tests in loop mode for 8 hours. I've tested the SMART parameters on my disk. I've run a surface scan on my MBP's disk by booting it into target disk mode and running the scan from another machine. I've tested the VRAM.
Not one thing indicates a hardware problem on my MacBook Pro (MacBookPro3,1) 15" 2.2 GHz Core 2 Duo from mid-2007 (Santa Rosa chipset). No RAM errors, no bad blocks on the disk, no sensors or fans broken. Absolutely nothing.
So I figured that maybe it was a software issue, as it cropped up soon after the 10.6.4 update.
I was ready to erase the drive and reinstall OS X, but then I found this thread over at the Steam forums which posted a clever work around that replaces the 10.6.4 NVidia and GeForce kernel extensions (kexts) with their 10.6.3 versions:
http://forums.steampowered.com/forums/showpost.php?p=15705859&postcount=73
NOTE: the instructions in that post aren't very good, and I don't have time to post corrections. So if you attempt this, you MUST be technically savvy with Unix commands or you could screw up your system. You've been warned.
I did this and it appeared to work... for about 2 hours. Then flicker, flicker, flicker forever. I left it in that state overnight to see if the flickering would sort itself out. It didn't. Flickered all through the night.
This morning, in a last ditch effort, I replaced my current RAM with the original RAM that came with my machine. I've been running stable for about 2.5 hours now. I've stress tested by running Portal on Steam for a few levels, then quitting that and simultaneous watching two HD movie trailers on YouTube in Firefox. As I type this I'm running Mail, Firefox (streaming a movie on YouTube), and my Win7 virtual machine in VMWare.
Still a bit early to be certain, but... so far so good.
Point of this wall of text: if you've upgraded your RAM and you still have your original RAM, swap it and try it even if your memory tests don't reveal anything wrong with your current RAM. It might save you a trip to the Genius Bar.