Ernie,
From my point of view I have absolutely identified the culprit here.
I made a single change, over 35 days ago, and from that moment I have not had a single recurrence of the problem. Prior to that I had this problem occur several times a day, sometimes with up to 4 multiples per email and thousands of emails at a time.
During the same time period I have had this problem once on my iPhone - using the Apple iPhone Mail client.
The single thing that I changed in my system was to never launch Mail.app again. I very reluctantly changed over to Postbox and whilst the interface is clumsy at times it has provided great service and never had this multiples problem.
I'm sure that this is a complex problem with multiple factors at play. What I can say, however, is that the Mail.app is the thing that is necessary, though perhaps not sufficient, in order for this problem to occur.
BTW I have no relationship whatsoever with the guys who develop/market Postbox.
Regards
P1